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</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../dev/result_types/index.html">Result Types</a><input aria-label="Toggle navigation of Result Types" class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-6" name="toctree-checkbox-6" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-6"><span class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></span></label><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../dev/result_types/base_result.html">Result</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../dev/result_types/main_result.html">Main Search Results</a><input aria-label="Toggle navigation of Main Search Results" class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-7" name="toctree-checkbox-7" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-7"><span class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></span></label><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../dev/result_types/main/mainresult.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MainResult</span></code></a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../dev/templates.html">Simple Theme Templates</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../dev/translation.html">Translation</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../dev/makefile.html">Makefile & <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">./manage</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../dev/reST.html">reST primer</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../dev/searxng_extra/index.html">Tooling box <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">searxng_extra</span></code></a><input aria-label="Toggle navigation of Tooling box searxng_extra" class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-12" name="toctree-checkbox-12" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-12"><span class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></span></label><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../dev/searxng_extra/update.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">searxng_extra/update/</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../utils/index.html">DevOps tooling box</a><input aria-label="Toggle navigation of DevOps tooling box" class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-13" name="toctree-checkbox-13" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-13"><span class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></span></label><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../utils/searxng.sh.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utils/searxng.sh</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/index.html">Source-Code</a><input aria-label="Toggle navigation of Source-Code" class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-14" name="toctree-checkbox-14" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-14"><span class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></span></label><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.babel_extract.html">Custom message extractor (i18n)</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html">Bot Detection</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.cache.html">Caches</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.exceptions.html">SearXNG Exceptions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.favicons.html">Favicons (source)</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.infopage.html">Online <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/info</span></code></a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.locales.html">Locales</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.search.html">Search</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.search.processors.html">Search processors</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.settings.html">Settings Loader</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.sqlitedb.html">SQLite DB</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.utils.html">Utility functions for the engines</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.valkeydb.html">Valkey DB</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.valkeylib.html">Valkey Library</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.weather.html">Weather</a></li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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|
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</div>
|
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</aside>
|
||
<div class="main">
|
||
<div class="content">
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<div class="article-container">
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||
<a href="#" class="back-to-top muted-link">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
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<path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12z"></path>
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</svg>
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<span>Back to top</span>
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</a>
|
||
<div class="content-icon-container">
|
||
<div class="view-this-page">
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||
<a class="muted-link" href="https://github.com/searxng/searxng/blob/master/docs/admin/searx.limiter.rst?plain=true" title="View this page">
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<svg><use href="#svg-eye"></use></svg>
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<span class="visually-hidden">View this page</span>
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||
</a>
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||
</div><div class="edit-this-page">
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||
<a class="muted-link" href="https://github.com/searxng/searxng/edit/master/docs/admin/searx.limiter.rst" rel="edit" title="Edit this page">
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<svg><use href="#svg-pencil"></use></svg>
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||
<span class="visually-hidden">Edit this page</span>
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</a>
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</div><div class="theme-toggle-container theme-toggle-content">
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<button class="theme-toggle" aria-label="Toggle Light / Dark / Auto color theme">
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<svg class="theme-icon-when-auto-light"><use href="#svg-sun-with-moon"></use></svg>
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||
<svg class="theme-icon-when-auto-dark"><use href="#svg-moon-with-sun"></use></svg>
|
||
<svg class="theme-icon-when-dark"><use href="#svg-moon"></use></svg>
|
||
<svg class="theme-icon-when-light"><use href="#svg-sun"></use></svg>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<label class="toc-overlay-icon toc-content-icon" for="__toc">
|
||
<span class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-toc"></use></svg></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<article role="main" id="furo-main-content">
|
||
<section id="limiter">
|
||
<span id="id1"></span><h1>Limiter<a class="headerlink" href="#limiter" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
|
||
<aside class="sidebar">
|
||
<p class="sidebar-title">info</p>
|
||
<p>The limiter requires a <a class="reference internal" href="settings/settings_valkey.html#settings-valkey"><span class="std std-ref">Valkey</span></a> database.</p>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
<p id="module-searx.limiter">Bot protection / IP rate limitation. The intention of rate limitation is to
|
||
limit suspicious requests from an IP. The motivation behind this is the fact
|
||
that SearXNG passes through requests from bots and is thus classified as a bot
|
||
itself. As a result, the SearXNG engine then receives a CAPTCHA or is blocked
|
||
by the search engine (the origin) in some other way.</p>
|
||
<p>To avoid blocking, the requests from bots to SearXNG must also be blocked, this
|
||
is the task of the limiter. To perform this task, the limiter uses the methods
|
||
from the <a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection"><span class="std std-ref">Bot Detection</span></a>:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>Analysis of the HTTP header in the request / <a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection-probe-headers"><span class="std std-ref">Probe HTTP headers</span></a>
|
||
can be easily bypassed.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Block and pass lists in which IPs are listed / <a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection-ip-lists"><span class="std std-ref">IP lists</span></a>
|
||
are hard to maintain, since the IPs of bots are not all known and change over
|
||
the time.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Detection & dynamically <a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection-rate-limit"><span class="std std-ref">Rate limit</span></a> of bots based on the
|
||
behavior of the requests. For dynamically changeable IP lists a Valkey
|
||
database is needed.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>The prerequisite for IP based methods is the correct determination of the IP of
|
||
the client. The IP of the client is determined via the <a class="reference external" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Forwarded-For">X-Forwarded-For</a> HTTP
|
||
header.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition attention">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Attention</p>
|
||
<p>A correct setup of the HTTP request headers <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X-Forwarded-For</span></code> and
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X-Real-IP</span></code> is essential to be able to assign a request to an IP correctly:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.searxng.org/admin/installation-nginx.html#nginx-s-searxng-site">NGINX RequestHeader</a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.searxng.org/admin/installation-apache.html#apache-s-searxng-site">Apache RequestHeader</a></p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<section id="enable-limiter">
|
||
<h2>Enable Limiter<a class="headerlink" href="#enable-limiter" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>To enable the limiter activate:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-yaml notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nt">server</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">...</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">limiter</span><span class="p p-Indicator">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">true</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># rate limit the number of request on the instance, block some bots</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>and set the valkey-url connection. Check the value, it depends on your valkey DB
|
||
(see <a class="reference internal" href="settings/settings_valkey.html#settings-valkey"><span class="std std-ref">valkey:</span></a>), by example:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-yaml notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nt">valkey</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">url</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">valkey://localhost:6379/0</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="configure-limiter">
|
||
<h2>Configure Limiter<a class="headerlink" href="#configure-limiter" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>The methods of <a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection"><span class="std std-ref">Bot Detection</span></a> the limiter uses are configured in a local
|
||
file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/searxng/limiter.toml</span></code>. The defaults are shown in <a class="reference internal" href="#limiter-toml">limiter.toml</a> /
|
||
Don’t copy all values to your local configuration, just enable what you need by
|
||
overwriting the defaults. For instance to activate the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">link_token</span></code> method in
|
||
the <a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection-ip-limit"><span class="std std-ref">Method ip_limit</span></a> you only need to set this option to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code>:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-toml notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">[botdetection.ip_limit]</span>
|
||
<span class="n">link_token</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="limiter-toml">
|
||
<span id="id2"></span><h2><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">limiter.toml</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#limiter-toml" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>In this file the limiter finds the configuration of the <a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection"><span class="std std-ref">Bot Detection</span></a>:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection-ip-lists"><span class="std std-ref">IP lists</span></a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection-rate-limit"><span class="std std-ref">Rate limit</span></a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#botdetection-probe-headers"><span class="std std-ref">Probe HTTP headers</span></a></p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="code toml highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">botdetection</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1"># The prefix defines the number of leading bits in an address that are compared</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># to determine whether or not an address is part of a (client) network.</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="n">ipv4_prefix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
|
||
<span class="n">ipv6_prefix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">48</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1"># If the request IP is in trusted_proxies list, the client IP address is</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># extracted from the X-Forwarded-For and X-Real-IP headers. This should be</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># used if SearXNG is behind a reverse proxy or load balancer.</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="n">trusted_proxies</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
|
||
<span class="s1">'127.0.0.0/8'</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<span class="s1">'::1'</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># '192.168.0.0/16',</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># '172.16.0.0/12',</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># '10.0.0.0/8',</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># 'fd00::/8',</span>
|
||
<span class="p">]</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">botdetection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ip_limit</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1"># To get unlimited access in a local network, by default link-local addresses</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># (networks) are not monitored by the ip_limit</span>
|
||
<span class="n">filter_link_local</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">false</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1"># activate link_token method in the ip_limit method</span>
|
||
<span class="n">link_token</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">false</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">botdetection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ip_lists</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1"># In the limiter, the ip_lists method has priority over all other methods -> if</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># an IP is in the pass_ip list, it has unrestricted access and it is also not</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># checked if e.g. the "user agent" suggests a bot (e.g. curl).</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="n">block_ip</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># '93.184.216.34', # IPv4 of example.org</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># '257.1.1.1', # invalid IP --> will be ignored, logged in ERROR class</span>
|
||
<span class="p">]</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="n">pass_ip</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># '192.168.0.0/16', # IPv4 private network</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># 'fe80::/10' # IPv6 linklocal / wins over botdetection.ip_limit.filter_link_local</span>
|
||
<span class="p">]</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1"># Activate passlist of (hardcoded) IPs from the SearXNG organization,</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># e.g. `check.searx.space`.</span>
|
||
<span class="n">pass_searxng_org</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">true</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="implementation">
|
||
<h2>Implementation<a class="headerlink" href="#implementation" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<dl class="py data">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.limiter.LIMITER_CFG_SCHEMA">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.limiter.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">LIMITER_CFG_SCHEMA</span></span><span class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">PosixPath('/home/runner/work/searxng/searxng/searx/limiter.toml')</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.limiter.LIMITER_CFG_SCHEMA" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Base configuration (schema) of the botdetection.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.limiter.get_cfg">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.limiter.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_cfg</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">→</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="../src/searx.botdetection.html#searx.botdetection.config.Config" title="searx.botdetection.config.Config"><span class="pre">Config</span></a></span></span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/searx/limiter.html#get_cfg"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.limiter.get_cfg" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns SearXNG’s global limiter configuration.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.limiter.pre_request">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.limiter.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">pre_request</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/searx/limiter.html#pre_request"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.limiter.pre_request" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>See <a class="reference external" href="https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/stable/api/#flask.Flask.before_request" title="(in Flask v3.1.x)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">flask.Flask.before_request</span></code></a></p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.limiter.is_installed">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.limiter.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_installed</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/searx/limiter.html#is_installed"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.limiter.is_installed" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if limiter is active and a valkey DB is available.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="searx.limiter.initialize">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">searx.limiter.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">initialize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">app</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/stable/api/#flask.Flask" title="(in Flask v3.1.x)"><span class="pre">Flask</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">settings</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../_modules/searx/limiter.html#initialize"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#searx.limiter.initialize" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Install the limiter</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<footer>
|
||
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||
<div class="related-pages">
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<a class="next-page" href="api.html">
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<div class="page-info">
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<div class="context">
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||
<span>Next</span>
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||
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<div class="bottom-of-page">
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<div class="left-details">
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<div class="copyright">
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Copyright © SearXNG team
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Made with
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<div class="toc-sticky toc-scroll">
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<div class="toc-title-container">
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<span class="toc-title">
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On this page
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</div>
|
||
<div class="toc-tree-container">
|
||
<div class="toc-tree">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Limiter</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#enable-limiter">Enable Limiter</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configure-limiter">Configure Limiter</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#limiter-toml"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">limiter.toml</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#implementation">Implementation</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#searx.limiter.LIMITER_CFG_SCHEMA"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LIMITER_CFG_SCHEMA</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#searx.limiter.get_cfg"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_cfg()</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#searx.limiter.pre_request"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pre_request()</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#searx.limiter.is_installed"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_installed()</span></code></a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#searx.limiter.initialize"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">initialize()</span></code></a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
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||
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