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<article role="main" id="furo-main-content">
<section id="uwsgi">
<span id="searxng-uwsgi"></span><h1>uWSGI<a class="headerlink" href="#uwsgi" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<aside class="sidebar">
<p class="sidebar-title">further reading</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.unit.html">systemd.unit</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Emperor.html">uWSGI Emperor</a></p></li>
</ul>
</aside>
<section id="origin-uwsgi">
<h2>Origin uWSGI<a class="headerlink" href="#origin-uwsgi" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>How uWSGI is implemented by distributors varies. The uWSGI project itself
recommends two methods:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.unit.html">systemd.unit</a> template file as described here <a class="reference external" href="https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Systemd.html#one-service-per-app-in-systemd">One service per app in systemd</a>:</p></li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<div><p>There is one <a class="reference external" href="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/instances.html">systemd unit template</a> on the system installed and one <a class="reference external" href="https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Configuration.html#ini-files">uwsgi
ini file</a> per uWSGI-app placed at dedicated locations. Take archlinux and a
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">searxng.ini</span></code> as example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">systemd</span> <span class="n">template</span> <span class="n">unit</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">usr</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">lib</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">systemd</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">system</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">uwsgi</span><span class="o">@.</span><span class="n">service</span>
<span class="n">contains</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Service</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">ExecStart</span><span class="o">=/</span><span class="n">usr</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">uwsgi</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">ini</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">uwsgi</span><span class="o">/%</span><span class="n">I</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ini</span>
<span class="n">SearXNG</span> <span class="n">application</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">uwsgi</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">searxng</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ini</span>
<span class="n">links</span> <span class="n">to</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">uwsgi</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">apps</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">available</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">searxng</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ini</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The SearXNG app (template <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/uwsgi/%I.ini</span></code>) can be maintained as known
from common systemd units:</p>
<div class="highlight-sh notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$<span class="w"> </span>systemctl<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">enable</span><span class="w"> </span>uwsgi@searxng
$<span class="w"> </span>systemctl<span class="w"> </span>start<span class="w"> </span>uwsgi@searxng
$<span class="w"> </span>systemctl<span class="w"> </span>restart<span class="w"> </span>uwsgi@searxng
$<span class="w"> </span>systemctl<span class="w"> </span>stop<span class="w"> </span>uwsgi@searxng
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
<ol class="arabic simple" start="2">
<li><p>The <a class="reference external" href="https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Emperor.html">uWSGI Emperor</a> which fits for maintaining a large range of uwsgi
apps and there is a <a class="reference external" href="https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Emperor.html#tyrant-mode-secure-multi-user-hosting">Tyrant mode</a> to secure multi-user hosting.</p></li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<div><p>The Emperor mode is a special uWSGI instance that will monitor specific
events. The Emperor mode (the service) is started by a (common, not template)
systemd unit.</p>
<p>The Emperor service will scan specific directories for <a class="reference external" href="https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Configuration.html#ini-files">uwsgi ini file</a>s
(also know as <em>vassals</em>). If a <em>vassal</em> is added, removed or the timestamp is
modified, a corresponding action takes place: a new uWSGI instance is started,
reload or stopped. Take Fedora and a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">searxng.ini</span></code> as example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">start</span> <span class="n">SearXNG</span> <span class="n">instance</span> <span class="n">create</span> <span class="o">--&gt;</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">uwsgi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">searxng</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ini</span>
<span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">reload</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">instance</span> <span class="n">edit</span> <span class="n">timestamp</span> <span class="o">--&gt;</span> <span class="n">touch</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">uwsgi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">searxng</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ini</span>
<span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">stop</span> <span class="n">instance</span> <span class="n">remove</span> <span class="n">ini</span> <span class="o">--&gt;</span> <span class="n">rm</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">uwsgi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">searxng</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ini</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
</section>
<section id="distributors">
<h2>Distributors<a class="headerlink" href="#distributors" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Emperor.html">uWSGI Emperor</a> mode and <a class="reference external" href="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/instances.html">systemd unit template</a> is what the distributors
mostly offer their users, even if they differ in the way they implement both
modes and their defaults. Another point they might differ in is the packaging of
plugins (if so, compare <a class="reference internal" href="installation-searxng.html#install-packages"><span class="std std-ref">Install packages</span></a>) and what the default python
interpreter is (python2 vs. python3).</p>
<p>While archlinux does not start a uWSGI service by default, Fedora (RHEL) starts
a Emperor in <a class="reference external" href="https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Emperor.html#tyrant-mode-secure-multi-user-hosting">Tyrant mode</a> by default (you should have read <a class="reference internal" href="#uwsgi-tyrant-mode-pitfalls"><span class="std std-ref">Pitfalls of the Tyrant mode</span></a>). Worth to know; debian (ubuntu) follow a complete different
approach, read see <a class="reference internal" href="#debian-s-uwsgi-layout"><span class="std std-ref">Debian’s uWSGI layout</span></a>.</p>
<section id="debian-s-uwsgi-layout">
<span id="id1"></span><h3>Debian’s uWSGI layout<a class="headerlink" href="#debian-s-uwsgi-layout" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Be aware, Debian’s uWSGI layout is quite different from the standard uWSGI
configuration. Your are familiar with <a class="reference internal" href="installation-apache.html#debian-s-apache-layout"><span class="std std-ref">Debian’s Apache layout</span></a>? .. they do a
similar thing for the uWSGI infrastructure. The folders are:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">uwsgi</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">apps</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">available</span><span class="o">/</span>
<span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">uwsgi</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">apps</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">enabled</span><span class="o">/</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Configuration.html#ini-files">uwsgi ini file</a> is enabled by a symbolic link:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ln</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">uwsgi</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">apps</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">available</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">searxng</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ini</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">uwsgi</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">apps</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">enabled</span><span class="o">/</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>More details can be found in the <a class="reference external" href="https://salsa.debian.org/uwsgi-team/uwsgi/-/raw/debian/latest/debian/uwsgi.README.Debian">uwsgi.README.Debian</a>
(<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/share/doc/uwsgi/README.Debian.gz</span></code>). Some commands you should know on
Debian:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Commands recognized by init.d script
====================================
You can issue to init.d script following commands:
* start | starts daemon
* stop | stops daemon
* reload | sends to daemon SIGHUP signal
* force-reload | sends to daemon SIGTERM signal
* restart | issues &#39;stop&#39;, then &#39;start&#39; commands
* status | shows status of daemon instance (running/not running)
&#39;status&#39; command must be issued with exactly one argument: &#39;&lt;confname&gt;&#39;.
Controlling specific instances of uWSGI
=======================================
You could control specific instance(s) by issuing:
SYSTEMCTL_SKIP_REDIRECT=1 service uwsgi &lt;command&gt; &lt;confname&gt; &lt;confname&gt;...
where:
* &lt;command&gt; is one of &#39;start&#39;, &#39;stop&#39; etc.
* &lt;confname&gt; is the name of configuration file (without extension)
For example, this is how instance for /etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled/hello.xml is
started:
SYSTEMCTL_SKIP_REDIRECT=1 service uwsgi start hello
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="uwsgi-maintenance">
<span id="id2"></span><h2>uWSGI maintenance<a class="headerlink" href="#uwsgi-maintenance" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<div class="sphinx-tabs docutils container">
<div aria-label="Tabbed content" class="closeable" role="tablist"><button aria-controls="panel-0-VWJ1bnR1IC8gZGViaWFu" aria-selected="true" class="sphinx-tabs-tab group-tab" id="tab-0-VWJ1bnR1IC8gZGViaWFu" name="VWJ1bnR1IC8gZGViaWFu" role="tab" tabindex="0">Ubuntu / debian</button><button aria-controls="panel-0-QXJjaCBMaW51eA==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab group-tab" id="tab-0-QXJjaCBMaW51eA==" name="QXJjaCBMaW51eA==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Arch Linux</button><button aria-controls="panel-0-RmVkb3JhIC8gUkhFTA==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab group-tab" id="tab-0-RmVkb3JhIC8gUkhFTA==" name="RmVkb3JhIC8gUkhFTA==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Fedora / RHEL</button></div><div aria-labelledby="tab-0-VWJ1bnR1IC8gZGViaWFu" class="sphinx-tabs-panel group-tab" id="panel-0-VWJ1bnR1IC8gZGViaWFu" name="VWJ1bnR1IC8gZGViaWFu" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># init.d --&gt; /usr/share/doc/uwsgi/README.Debian.gz</span>
<span class="c1"># For uWSGI debian uses the LSB init process, this might be changed</span>
<span class="c1"># one day, see https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=833067</span>
create<span class="w"> </span>/etc/uwsgi/apps-available/searxng.ini
enable:<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>-H<span class="w"> </span>ln<span class="w"> </span>-s<span class="w"> </span>/etc/uwsgi/apps-available/searxng.ini<span class="w"> </span>/etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled/
start:<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>-H<span class="w"> </span>service<span class="w"> </span>uwsgi<span class="w"> </span>start<span class="w"> </span>searxng
restart:<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>-H<span class="w"> </span>service<span class="w"> </span>uwsgi<span class="w"> </span>restart<span class="w"> </span>searxng
stop:<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>-H<span class="w"> </span>service<span class="w"> </span>uwsgi<span class="w"> </span>stop<span class="w"> </span>searxng
disable:<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>-H<span class="w"> </span>rm<span class="w"> </span>/etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled/searxng.ini
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-0-QXJjaCBMaW51eA==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-0-QXJjaCBMaW51eA==" name="QXJjaCBMaW51eA==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># systemd --&gt; /usr/lib/systemd/system/uwsgi@.service</span>
<span class="c1"># For uWSGI archlinux uses systemd template units, see</span>
<span class="c1"># - http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/instances.html</span>
<span class="c1"># - https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Systemd.html#one-service-per-app-in-systemd</span>
create:<span class="w"> </span>/etc/uwsgi/searxng.ini
enable:<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>-H<span class="w"> </span>systemctl<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">enable</span><span class="w"> </span>uwsgi@searxng
start:<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>-H<span class="w"> </span>systemctl<span class="w"> </span>start<span class="w"> </span>uwsgi@searxng
restart:<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>-H<span class="w"> </span>systemctl<span class="w"> </span>restart<span class="w"> </span>uwsgi@searxng
stop:<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>-H<span class="w"> </span>systemctl<span class="w"> </span>stop<span class="w"> </span>uwsgi@searxng
disable:<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>-H<span class="w"> </span>systemctl<span class="w"> </span>disable<span class="w"> </span>uwsgi@searxng
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-0-RmVkb3JhIC8gUkhFTA==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-0-RmVkb3JhIC8gUkhFTA==" name="RmVkb3JhIC8gUkhFTA==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># systemd --&gt; /usr/lib/systemd/system/uwsgi.service</span>
<span class="c1"># The unit file starts uWSGI in emperor mode (/etc/uwsgi.ini), see</span>
<span class="c1"># - https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Emperor.html</span>
create:<span class="w"> </span>/etc/uwsgi.d/searxng.ini
restart:<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>-H<span class="w"> </span>touch<span class="w"> </span>/etc/uwsgi.d/searxng.ini
disable:<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>-H<span class="w"> </span>rm<span class="w"> </span>/etc/uwsgi.d/searxng.ini
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section>
<section id="uwsgi-setup">
<span id="id3"></span><h2>uWSGI setup<a class="headerlink" href="#uwsgi-setup" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Create the configuration ini-file according to your distribution and restart the
uwsgi application. As shown below, the <a class="reference internal" href="installation-scripts.html#installation-scripts"><span class="std std-ref">Installation Script</span></a> installs by
default a uWSGI setup that listens on a socket.</p>
<div class="sphinx-tabs docutils container">
<div aria-label="Tabbed content" class="closeable" role="tablist"><button aria-controls="panel-1-VWJ1bnR1IC8gZGViaWFu" aria-selected="true" class="sphinx-tabs-tab group-tab" id="tab-1-VWJ1bnR1IC8gZGViaWFu" name="VWJ1bnR1IC8gZGViaWFu" role="tab" tabindex="0">Ubuntu / debian</button><button aria-controls="panel-1-QXJjaCBMaW51eA==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab group-tab" id="tab-1-QXJjaCBMaW51eA==" name="QXJjaCBMaW51eA==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Arch Linux</button><button aria-controls="panel-1-RmVkb3JhIC8gUkhFTA==" aria-selected="false" class="sphinx-tabs-tab group-tab" id="tab-1-RmVkb3JhIC8gUkhFTA==" name="RmVkb3JhIC8gUkhFTA==" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Fedora / RHEL</button></div><div aria-labelledby="tab-1-VWJ1bnR1IC8gZGViaWFu" class="sphinx-tabs-panel group-tab" id="panel-1-VWJ1bnR1IC8gZGViaWFu" name="VWJ1bnR1IC8gZGViaWFu" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># -*- mode: conf; coding: utf-8 -*-</span>
<span class="o">[</span>uwsgi<span class="o">]</span>
<span class="c1"># uWSGI core</span>
<span class="c1"># ----------</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Options.html#uwsgi-core</span>
<span class="c1"># Who will run the code / Hint: in emperor-tyrant mode uid &amp; gid setting will be</span>
<span class="c1"># ignored [1]. Mode emperor-tyrant is the default on fedora (/etc/uwsgi.ini).</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># [1] https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Emperor.html#tyrant-mode-secure-multi-user-hosting</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="nv">uid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>searxng
<span class="nv">gid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>searxng
<span class="c1"># set (python) default encoding UTF-8</span>
<span class="nv">env</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LANG</span><span class="o">=</span>C.UTF-8
<span class="nv">env</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LANGUAGE</span><span class="o">=</span>C.UTF-8
<span class="nv">env</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LC_ALL</span><span class="o">=</span>C.UTF-8
<span class="c1"># chdir to specified directory before apps loading</span>
<span class="nv">chdir</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>/usr/local/searxng/searxng-src/searx
<span class="c1"># SearXNG configuration (settings.yml)</span>
<span class="nv">env</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">SEARXNG_SETTINGS_PATH</span><span class="o">=</span>/etc/searxng/settings.yml
<span class="c1"># disable logging for privacy</span>
disable-logging<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c1"># The right granted on the created socket</span>
chmod-socket<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">666</span>
<span class="c1"># Plugin to use and interpreter config</span>
single-interpreter<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c1"># enable master process</span>
<span class="nv">master</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c1"># load apps in each worker instead of the master</span>
lazy-apps<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c1"># load uWSGI plugins</span>
<span class="nv">plugin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>python3,http
<span class="c1"># By default the Python plugin does not initialize the GIL. This means your</span>
<span class="c1"># app-generated threads will not run. If you need threads, remember to enable</span>
<span class="c1"># them with enable-threads. Running uWSGI in multithreading mode (with the</span>
<span class="c1"># threads options) will automatically enable threading support. This *strange*</span>
<span class="c1"># default behaviour is for performance reasons.</span>
enable-threads<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c1"># Number of workers (usually CPU count)</span>
<span class="nv">workers</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>%k
<span class="nv">threads</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span>
<span class="c1"># plugin: python</span>
<span class="c1"># --------------</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Options.html#plugin-python</span>
<span class="c1"># load a WSGI module</span>
<span class="nv">module</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>searx.webapp
<span class="c1"># set PYTHONHOME/virtualenv</span>
<span class="nv">virtualenv</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>/usr/local/searxng/searx-pyenv
<span class="c1"># add directory (or glob) to pythonpath</span>
<span class="nv">pythonpath</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>/usr/local/searxng/searxng-src
<span class="c1"># speak to upstream</span>
<span class="c1"># -----------------</span>
<span class="nv">socket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>/usr/local/searxng/run/socket
buffer-size<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">8192</span>
offload-threads<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>%k
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-1-QXJjaCBMaW51eA==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-1-QXJjaCBMaW51eA==" name="QXJjaCBMaW51eA==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># -*- mode: conf; coding: utf-8 -*-</span>
<span class="o">[</span>uwsgi<span class="o">]</span>
<span class="c1"># uWSGI core</span>
<span class="c1"># ----------</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Options.html#uwsgi-core</span>
<span class="c1"># Who will run the code</span>
<span class="nv">uid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>searxng
<span class="nv">gid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>searxng
<span class="c1"># set (python) default encoding UTF-8</span>
<span class="nv">env</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LANG</span><span class="o">=</span>C.UTF-8
<span class="nv">env</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LANGUAGE</span><span class="o">=</span>C.UTF-8
<span class="nv">env</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LC_ALL</span><span class="o">=</span>C.UTF-8
<span class="c1"># chdir to specified directory before apps loading</span>
<span class="nv">chdir</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>/usr/local/searxng/searxng-src/searx
<span class="c1"># SearXNG configuration (settings.yml)</span>
<span class="nv">env</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">SEARXNG_SETTINGS_PATH</span><span class="o">=</span>/etc/searxng/settings.yml
<span class="c1"># disable logging for privacy</span>
<span class="nv">logger</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>systemd
disable-logging<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c1"># The right granted on the created socket</span>
chmod-socket<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">666</span>
<span class="c1"># Plugin to use and interpreter config</span>
single-interpreter<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c1"># enable master process</span>
<span class="nv">master</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c1"># load apps in each worker instead of the master</span>
lazy-apps<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c1"># load uWSGI plugins</span>
<span class="nv">plugin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>python
<span class="c1"># By default the Python plugin does not initialize the GIL. This means your</span>
<span class="c1"># app-generated threads will not run. If you need threads, remember to enable</span>
<span class="c1"># them with enable-threads. Running uWSGI in multithreading mode (with the</span>
<span class="c1"># threads options) will automatically enable threading support. This *strange*</span>
<span class="c1"># default behaviour is for performance reasons.</span>
enable-threads<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c1"># Number of workers (usually CPU count)</span>
<span class="nv">workers</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>%k
<span class="nv">threads</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span>
<span class="c1"># plugin: python</span>
<span class="c1"># --------------</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Options.html#plugin-python</span>
<span class="c1"># load a WSGI module</span>
<span class="nv">module</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>searx.webapp
<span class="c1"># set PYTHONHOME/virtualenv</span>
<span class="nv">virtualenv</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>/usr/local/searxng/searx-pyenv
<span class="c1"># add directory (or glob) to pythonpath</span>
<span class="nv">pythonpath</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>/usr/local/searxng/searxng-src
<span class="c1"># speak to upstream</span>
<span class="c1"># -----------------</span>
<span class="nv">socket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>/usr/local/searxng/run/socket
buffer-size<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">8192</span>
offload-threads<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>%k
</pre></div>
</div>
</div><div aria-labelledby="tab-1-RmVkb3JhIC8gUkhFTA==" class="sphinx-tabs-panel group-tab" hidden="true" id="panel-1-RmVkb3JhIC8gUkhFTA==" name="RmVkb3JhIC8gUkhFTA==" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0"><div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># -*- mode: conf; coding: utf-8 -*-</span>
<span class="o">[</span>uwsgi<span class="o">]</span>
<span class="c1"># uWSGI core</span>
<span class="c1"># ----------</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Options.html#uwsgi-core</span>
<span class="c1"># Who will run the code / Hint: in emperor-tyrant mode uid &amp; gid setting will be</span>
<span class="c1"># ignored [1]. Mode emperor-tyrant is the default on fedora (/etc/uwsgi.ini).</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># [1] https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Emperor.html#tyrant-mode-secure-multi-user-hosting</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="nv">uid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>searxng
<span class="nv">gid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>searxng
<span class="c1"># set (python) default encoding UTF-8</span>
<span class="nv">env</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LANG</span><span class="o">=</span>C.UTF-8
<span class="nv">env</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LANGUAGE</span><span class="o">=</span>C.UTF-8
<span class="nv">env</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LC_ALL</span><span class="o">=</span>C.UTF-8
<span class="c1"># chdir to specified directory before apps loading</span>
<span class="nv">chdir</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>/usr/local/searxng/searxng-src/searx
<span class="c1"># SearXNG configuration (settings.yml)</span>
<span class="nv">env</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">SEARXNG_SETTINGS_PATH</span><span class="o">=</span>/etc/searxng/settings.yml
<span class="c1"># disable logging for privacy</span>
disable-logging<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c1"># The right granted on the created socket</span>
chmod-socket<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">666</span>
<span class="c1"># Plugin to use and interpreter config</span>
single-interpreter<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c1"># enable master process</span>
<span class="nv">master</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c1"># load apps in each worker instead of the master</span>
lazy-apps<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c1"># load uWSGI plugins</span>
<span class="nv">plugin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>python3,http
<span class="c1"># By default the Python plugin does not initialize the GIL. This means your</span>
<span class="c1"># app-generated threads will not run. If you need threads, remember to enable</span>
<span class="c1"># them with enable-threads. Running uWSGI in multithreading mode (with the</span>
<span class="c1"># threads options) will automatically enable threading support. This *strange*</span>
<span class="c1"># default behaviour is for performance reasons.</span>
enable-threads<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c1"># Number of workers (usually CPU count)</span>
<span class="nv">workers</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>%k
<span class="nv">threads</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span>
<span class="c1"># plugin: python</span>
<span class="c1"># --------------</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Options.html#plugin-python</span>
<span class="c1"># load a WSGI module</span>
<span class="nv">module</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>searx.webapp
<span class="c1"># set PYTHONHOME/virtualenv</span>
<span class="nv">virtualenv</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>/usr/local/searxng/searx-pyenv
<span class="c1"># add directory (or glob) to pythonpath</span>
<span class="nv">pythonpath</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>/usr/local/searxng/searxng-src
<span class="c1"># speak to upstream</span>
<span class="c1"># -----------------</span>
<span class="nv">socket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>/usr/local/searxng/run/socket
buffer-size<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">8192</span>
offload-threads<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>%k
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</section>
<section id="pitfalls-of-the-tyrant-mode">
<span id="uwsgi-tyrant-mode-pitfalls"></span><h2>Pitfalls of the Tyrant mode<a class="headerlink" href="#pitfalls-of-the-tyrant-mode" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>The implementation of the process owners and groups in the <a class="reference external" href="https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Emperor.html#tyrant-mode-secure-multi-user-hosting">Tyrant mode</a> is
somewhat unusual and requires special consideration. In <a class="reference external" href="https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Emperor.html#tyrant-mode-secure-multi-user-hosting">Tyrant mode</a> mode the
Emperor will run the vassal using the UID/GID of the vassal configuration file
(user and group of the app <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.ini</span></code> file).</p>
<p>Without option <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">emperor-tyrant-initgroups=true</span></code> in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/uwsgi.ini</span></code> the
process won’t get the additional groups, but this option is not available in
2.0.x branch (see <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/unbit/uwsgi/issues/2099">#2099&#64;uWSGI</a>) the feature <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/unbit/uwsgi/pull/752">#752&#64;uWSGI</a> has been merged (on
Oct. 2014) to the master branch of uWSGI but had never been released; the last
major release is from Dec. 2013, since the there had been only bugfix releases
(see <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/unbit/uwsgi/issues/2425">#2425uWSGI</a>). To shorten up:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p><strong>In Tyrant mode, there is no way to get additional groups, and the uWSGI
process misses additional permissions that may be needed.</strong></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>For example on Fedora (RHEL): If you try to install a valkey DB with socket
communication and you want to connect to it from the SearXNG uWSGI, you will see a
<em>Permission denied</em> in the log of your instance:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>ERROR:searx.valkeydb: [searxng (993)] can&#39;t connect valkey DB ...
ERROR:searx.valkeydb: Error 13 connecting to unix socket: /usr/local/searxng-valkey/run/valkey.sock. Permission denied.
ERROR:searx.plugins.limiter: init limiter DB failed!!!
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Even if your <em>searxng</em> user of the uWSGI process is added to additional groups
to give access to the socket from the valkey DB:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ groups searxng
searxng : searxng searxng-valkey
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To see the effective groups of the uwsgi process, you have to look at the status
of the process, by example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ ps -aef | grep &#39;/usr/sbin/uwsgi --ini searxng.ini&#39;
searxng 93 92 0 12:43 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/uwsgi --ini searxng.ini
searxng 186 93 0 12:44 ? 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/uwsgi --ini searxng.ini
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Here you can see that the additional “Groups” of PID 186 are unset (missing gid
of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">searxng-valkey</span></code>):</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ cat /proc/186/task/186/status
...
Uid: 993 993 993 993
Gid: 993 993 993 993
FDSize: 128
Groups:
...
</pre></div>
</div>
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<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">uWSGI</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#origin-uwsgi">Origin uWSGI</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#distributors">Distributors</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#debian-s-uwsgi-layout">Debian’s uWSGI layout</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#uwsgi-setup">uWSGI setup</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pitfalls-of-the-tyrant-mode">Pitfalls of the Tyrant mode</a></li>
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