[upd] web-client (simple): Bump less (#6289 )

Bumps the minor group in /client/simple with 1 update: [less](https://github.com/less/less.js). Updates `less` from 4.6.4 to 4.6.6 - [Release notes](https://github.com/less/less.js/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/less/less.js/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/less/less.js/commits/v4.6.6) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: less dependency-version: 4.6.6 dependency-type: direct:development update-type: version-update:semver-patch dependency-group: minor ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com> Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
[del] aol: remove engine (eol) (#6299 )
2026-06-22 09:38:34 +02:00 · 2026-06-22 08:03:15 +02:00 · 2026-06-22 07:32:23 +02:00 · 2026-06-22 07:30:41 +02:00 · 2026-06-20 21:52:14 +02:00 · 2026-06-19 16:58:47 +02:00
260 changed files with 6180 additions and 2851 deletions
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-;;; .dir-locals.el
-;;
-;; Per-Directory Local Variables:
-;;   https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/emacs/Directory-Variables.html
-;;
-;; For full fledge developer tools install emacs packages:
-;;
-;;    M-x package-install ...
-;;
-;;     magit gitconfig
-;;     nvm lsp-mode lsp-pyright lsp-eslint
-;;     pyvenv pylint pip-requirements
-;;     jinja2-mode
-;;     json-mode
-;;     company company-jedi company-quickhelp company-shell
-;;     realgud
-;;     sphinx-doc markdown-mode graphviz-dot-mode
-;;     apache-mode nginx-mode
-;;
-;; To setup a developer environment, build target::
-;;
-;;     $ make node.env.dev pyenv.install
-;;
-;; Some buffer locals are referencing the project environment:
-;;
-;; - prj-root                                --> <repo>/
-;; - nvm-dir                                 --> <repo>/.nvm
-;; - python-environment-directory            --> <repo>/local
-;; - python-environment-default-root-name    --> py3
-;; - python-shell-virtualenv-root            --> <repo>/local/py3
-;;       When this variable is set with the path of the virtualenv to use,
-;;      `process-environment' and `exec-path' get proper values in order to run
-;;      shells inside the specified virtualenv, example::
-;;         (setq python-shell-virtualenv-root "/path/to/env/")
-;; - python-shell-interpreter                --> <repo>/local/py3/bin/python
-;;
-;; Python development:
-;;
-;; Jedi, flycheck & other python stuff should use the 'python-shell-interpreter'
-;; from the local py3 environment.
-;;
-
-((nil
-  . ((fill-column . 80)
-     (indent-tabs-mode . nil)
-     (eval . (progn
-
-               (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.html\\'" . jinja2-mode))
-
-               ;; project root folder is where the `.dir-locals.el' is located
-               (setq-local prj-root
-                           (locate-dominating-file  default-directory ".dir-locals.el"))
-
-               (setq-local python-environment-directory
-                           (expand-file-name "./local" prj-root))
-
-               ;; to get in use of NVM environment, install https://github.com/rejeep/nvm.el
-               (setq-local nvm-dir (expand-file-name "./.nvm" prj-root))
-
-               ;; use nodejs from the (local) NVM environment (see nvm-dir)
-               (nvm-use-for-buffer)
-               (ignore-errors (require 'lsp))
-               (setq-local lsp-server-install-dir (car (cdr nvm-current-version)))
-               (setq-local lsp-enable-file-watchers nil)
-
-               ;; use 'py3' environment as default
-               (setq-local python-environment-default-root-name
-                           "py3")
-
-               (setq-local python-shell-virtualenv-root
-                           (expand-file-name
-                            python-environment-default-root-name python-environment-directory))
-
-               (setq-local python-shell-interpreter
-                           (expand-file-name
-                            "bin/python" python-shell-virtualenv-root))))))
- (makefile-gmake-mode
-  . ((indent-tabs-mode . t)))
-
- (yaml-mode
-  . ((eval . (progn
-
-               ;; flycheck should use the local py3 environment
-               (setq-local flycheck-yaml-yamllint-executable
-                           (expand-file-name "bin/yamllint" python-shell-virtualenv-root))
-
-               (setq-local flycheck-yamllintrc
-                           (expand-file-name  ".yamllint.yml" prj-root))
-
-               (flycheck-checker . yaml-yamllint)))))
-
- (json-mode
-  . ((eval . (progn
-               (setq-local js-indent-level 4)
-               (flycheck-checker . json-python-json)))))
-
- (js-mode
-  . ((eval . (progn
-               (ignore-errors (require 'lsp-eslint))
-               (setq-local js-indent-level 2)
-               ;; flycheck should use the eslint checker from developer tools
-               (setq-local flycheck-javascript-eslint-executable
-                           (expand-file-name "node_modules/.bin/eslint" prj-root))
-               ;; (flycheck-mode)
-
-               (if (featurep 'lsp-eslint)
-                   (lsp))
-               ))))
-
- (python-mode
-  . ((eval . (progn
-               (ignore-errors (require 'jedi-core))
-               (ignore-errors (require 'lsp-pyright))
-               (ignore-errors (sphinx-doc-mode))
-               (setq-local python-environment-virtualenv
-                           (list (expand-file-name "bin/virtualenv" python-shell-virtualenv-root)
-                                 ;;"--system-site-packages"
-                                 "--quiet"))
-
-               (setq-local pylint-command
-                           (expand-file-name "bin/pylint" python-shell-virtualenv-root))
-
-               (if (featurep 'lsp-pyright)
-                   (lsp))
-
-               ;; pylint will find the '.pylintrc' file next to the CWD
-               ;;   https://pylint.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user_guide/run.html#command-line-options
-               (setq-local flycheck-pylintrc
-                           ".pylintrc")
-
-               ;; flycheck & other python stuff should use the local py3 environment
-               (setq-local flycheck-python-pylint-executable
-                           python-shell-interpreter)
-
-               ;; use 'M-x jedi:show-setup-info' and 'M-x epc:controller' to inspect jedi server
-               ;; https://tkf.github.io/emacs-jedi/latest/#jedi:environment-root -- You
-               ;; can specify a full path instead of a name (relative path). In that case,
-               ;; python-environment-directory is ignored and Python virtual environment
-               ;; is created at the specified path.
-               (setq-local jedi:environment-root
-                           python-shell-virtualenv-root)
-
-               ;; https://tkf.github.io/emacs-jedi/latest/#jedi:server-command
-               (setq-local jedi:server-command
-                           (list python-shell-interpreter
-                                 jedi:server-script))
-
-               ;; jedi:environment-virtualenv --> see above 'python-environment-virtualenv'
-               ;; is set buffer local!  No need to setup jedi:environment-virtualenv:
-               ;;
-               ;;    Virtualenv command to use.  A list of string.  If it is nil,
-               ;;    python-environment-virtualenv is used instead.  You must set non-nil
-               ;;    value to jedi:environment-root in order to make this setting work.
-               ;;
-               ;;    https://tkf.github.io/emacs-jedi/latest/#jedi:environment-virtualenv
-               ;;
-               ;; (setq-local jedi:environment-virtualenv
-               ;;             (list (expand-file-name "bin/virtualenv" python-shell-virtualenv-root)
-               ;;                   "--python"
-               ;;                   "/usr/bin/python3.4"
-               ;;                   ))
-               ))))
- )
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 *

+!container/*.template.*
 !container/entrypoint.sh
 !searx/**
 !requirements*.txt
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ jobs:
          python-version: "${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}"

      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd  # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0  # v7.0.0
        with:
          persist-credentials: "false"
          fetch-depth: "0"
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd  # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0  # v7.0.0
        with:
          persist-credentials: "false"

@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd  # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0  # v7.0.0
        with:
          persist-credentials: "false"

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ jobs:
          python-version: "${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}"

      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd  # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0  # v7.0.0
        with:
          persist-credentials: "false"

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
          python-version: "${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}"

      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd  # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0  # v7.0.0
        with:
          persist-credentials: "false"
          fetch-depth: "0"
@@ -50,11 +50,14 @@ jobs:
            python-${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}-${{ runner.arch }}-
          path: "./local/"

+      - name: Setup dependencies
+        run: sudo ./utils/searxng.sh install buildhost
+
      - name: Setup venv
        run: make V=1 install

      - name: Build documentation
-        run: make V=1 docs.clean docs.html
+        run: make V=1 docs.html

      - if: github.ref_name == 'master'
        name: Release
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
          python-version: "${{ matrix.python-version }}"

      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd  # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0  # v7.0.0
        with:
          persist-credentials: "false"

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ jobs:
          python-version: "${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}"

      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd  # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0  # v7.0.0
        with:
          persist-credentials: "false"

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
          python-version: "${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}"

      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd  # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0  # v7.0.0
        with:
          token: "${{ secrets.WEBLATE_GITHUB_TOKEN }}"
          fetch-depth: "0"
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ jobs:
          python-version: "${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}"

      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd  # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0  # v7.0.0
        with:
          token: "${{ secrets.WEBLATE_GITHUB_TOKEN }}"
          fetch-depth: "0"
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd  # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0  # v7.0.0
        with:
          persist-credentials: "false"

@@ -41,6 +41,6 @@ jobs:
          write-comment: "false"

      - name: Upload SARIFs
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@7211b7c8077ea37d8641b6271f6a365a22a5fbfa  # v4.36.0
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@8aad20d150bbac5944a9f9d289da16a4b0d87c1e  # v4.36.2
        with:
          sarif_file: "./scout.sarif"
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[language]]
+name = "python"
+language-servers = ["basedpyright", "pylsp"]
+auto-format = true
+
+[language-server.pylsp.config.pylsp]
+plugins.pylint.enabled = true
+plugins.isort.enabled = true
+plugins.black.enabled = true
+plugins.black.skip_string_normalization = true
+plugins.black.line_length = 120
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
  "$schema": "./node_modules/@biomejs/biome/configuration_schema.json",
  "files": {
    "ignoreUnknown": true,
-    "includes": ["**", "!node_modules"]
+    "includes": ["**", "!node_modules", "!src/brand", "!src/svg"]
  },
  "assist": {
    "enabled": true,
    "actions": {
-      "recommended": true,
+      "preset": "recommended",
      "source": {
        "useSortedAttributes": "on",
        "useSortedProperties": "on"
@@ -27,12 +27,14 @@
  "linter": {
    "enabled": true,
    "rules": {
-      "recommended": true,
+      "preset": "recommended",
      "complexity": {
        "noForEach": "error",
        "noImplicitCoercions": "error",
+        "noRedundantDefaultExport": "error",
        "noUselessCatchBinding": "error",
        "noUselessUndefined": "error",
+        "useArrayFind": "error",
        "useSimplifiedLogicExpression": "error"
      },
      "correctness": {
@@ -42,25 +44,11 @@
        "useSingleJsDocAsterisk": "error"
      },
      "nursery": {
-        "noContinue": "warn",
-        "noEqualsToNull": "warn",
        "noFloatingPromises": "warn",
-        "noForIn": "warn",
-        "noIncrementDecrement": "warn",
        "noMisusedPromises": "warn",
-        "noMultiAssign": "warn",
-        "noMultiStr": "warn",
-        "noNestedPromises": "warn",
-        "noParametersOnlyUsedInRecursion": "warn",
-        "noRedundantDefaultExport": "warn",
-        "noReturnAssign": "warn",
-        "noUselessReturn": "off",
        "useAwaitThenable": "off",
-        "useConsistentEnumValueType": "warn",
-        "useDestructuring": "warn",
        "useExhaustiveSwitchCases": "warn",
        "useExplicitType": "off",
-        "useFind": "warn",
        "useRegexpExec": "warn"
      },
      "performance": {
@@ -75,23 +63,15 @@
        "noCommonJs": "error",
        "noEnum": "error",
        "noImplicitBoolean": "error",
+        "noIncrementDecrement": "error",
        "noInferrableTypes": "error",
+        "noMultiAssign": "error",
+        "noMultilineString": "error",
        "noNamespace": "error",
        "noNegationElse": "error",
        "noNestedTernary": "error",
        "noParameterAssign": "error",
        "noParameterProperties": "error",
-        "noRestrictedTypes": {
-          "level": "error",
-          "options": {
-            "types": {
-              "Element": {
-                "message": "Element is too generic",
-                "use": "HTMLElement"
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        },
        "noSubstr": "error",
        "noUnusedTemplateLiteral": "error",
        "noUselessElse": "error",
@@ -107,6 +87,7 @@
          }
        },
        "useConsistentBuiltinInstantiation": "error",
+        "useConsistentEnumValueType": "error",
        "useConsistentMemberAccessibility": {
          "level": "error",
          "options": {
@@ -126,6 +107,7 @@
          }
        },
        "useDefaultSwitchClause": "error",
+        "useDestructuring": "error",
        "useExplicitLengthCheck": "error",
        "useForOf": "error",
        "useGroupedAccessorPairs": "error",
@@ -142,13 +124,17 @@
        "useUnifiedTypeSignatures": "error"
      },
      "suspicious": {
-        "noAlert": "error",
        "noBitwiseOperators": "error",
        "noConstantBinaryExpressions": "error",
        "noDeprecatedImports": "error",
        "noEmptyBlockStatements": "error",
+        "noEqualsToNull": "error",
        "noEvolvingTypes": "error",
+        "noForIn": "error",
        "noImportCycles": "error",
+        "noNestedPromises": "error",
+        "noParametersOnlyUsedInRecursion": "error",
+        "noReturnAssign": "error",
        "noUnassignedVariables": "error",
        "noVar": "error",
        "useNumberToFixedDigitsArgument": "error",
@@ -29,21 +29,21 @@
    "swiped-events": "1.2.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@biomejs/biome": "2.4.15",
-    "@types/node": "^25.8.0",
+    "@biomejs/biome": "2.5.0",
+    "@types/node": "^26.0.0",
    "browserslist": "^4.28.2",
    "browserslist-to-esbuild": "^2.1.1",
-    "edge.js": "^6.5.0",
-    "less": "^4.6.4",
+    "edge.js": "^6.5.1",
+    "less": "^4.6.6",
    "mathjs": "^15.2.0",
-    "sharp": "~0.34.5",
-    "sort-package-json": "^3.6.1",
-    "stylelint": "^17.11.1",
+    "sharp": "~0.35.1",
+    "sort-package-json": "^4.0.0",
+    "stylelint": "^17.13.0",
    "stylelint-config-standard-less": "^4.1.0",
    "stylelint-prettier": "^5.0.3",
    "svgo": "^4.0.1",
    "typescript": "~6.0.3",
-    "vite": "^8.0.13",
+    "vite": "^8.0.16",
    "vite-bundle-analyzer": "^1.3.8"
  }
 }
@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ export default class Calculator extends Plugin {

  protected async run(): Promise<string | undefined> {
    const searchInput = getElement<HTMLInputElement>("q");
-    const node = Calculator.math.parse(searchInput.value);

    try {
+      const node = Calculator.math.parse(searchInput.value);
      return `${node.toString()} = ${node.evaluate()}`;
    } catch {
      // not a compatible math expression
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ RUN --mount=type=cache,id=uv,target=/root/.cache/uv set -eux -o pipefail; \

 COPY --exclude=./searx/version_frozen.py ./searx/ ./searx/

-ARG TIMESTAMP_SETTINGS="0"
-
 RUN set -eux -o pipefail; \
    python -m compileall -q -f -j 0 --invalidation-mode=unchecked-hash ./searx/; \
    find ./searx/static/ -type f \
@@ -30,5 +28,4 @@ RUN set -eux -o pipefail; \
    -exec gzip -9 -k {} + \
    -exec brotli -9 -k {} + \
    -exec gzip --test {}.gz + \
-    -exec brotli --test {}.br +; \
-    touch -c --date="@$TIMESTAMP_SETTINGS" ./searx/settings.yml
+    -exec brotli --test {}.br +
@@ -77,43 +77,23 @@ volume_handler() {
    setup_ownership "$target" "directory"
 }

-# Handle configuration file updates
-config_handler() {
-    local target="$1"
-    local template="$2"
-    local new_template_target="$target.new"
+setup() {
+    local template_settings="/usr/local/searxng/settings.template.yml"
+    local target_settings="$__SEARXNG_CONFIG_PATH/settings.yml"

-    # Create/Update the configuration file
-    if [ -f "$target" ]; then
-        setup_ownership "$target" "file"
-
-        if [ "$template" -nt "$target" ]; then
-            cp -pfT "$template" "$new_template_target"
-
-            cat <<EOF
-...
-... INFORMATION
-... Update available for "$target"
-... It is recommended to update the configuration file to ensure proper functionality
-...
-... New version placed at "$new_template_target"
-... Please review and merge changes
-...
-EOF
-        fi
-    else
+    if [ ! -f "$target_settings" ]; then
        cat <<EOF
 ...
 ... INFORMATION
-... "$target" does not exist, creating from template...
+... "$target_settings" does not exist, creating from template...
 ...
 EOF
-        cp -pfT "$template" "$target"
+        cp -pfT "$template_settings" "$target_settings"

-        sed -i "s/ultrasecretkey/$(head -c 24 /dev/urandom | base64 | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9')/g" "$target"
+        sed -i "s/ultrasecretkey/$(head -c 24 /dev/urandom | base64 | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9')/g" "$target_settings"
    fi

-    check_file "$target"
+    check_file "$target_settings"
 }

 cat <<EOF
@@ -124,8 +104,7 @@ EOF
 volume_handler "$__SEARXNG_CONFIG_PATH"
 volume_handler "$__SEARXNG_DATA_PATH"

-# Check for files
-config_handler "$__SEARXNG_SETTINGS_PATH" "/usr/local/searxng/searx/settings.yml"
+setup

 # root only features
 if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Read the documentation before extending the defaults:
+# https://docs.searxng.org/admin/settings/
+
+use_default_settings: true
+
+server:
+  secret_key: "ultrasecretkey"
+  image_proxy: true
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
  - ``google``
  - ``mwmbl``
  - ``naver``
+  - ``privacywall``
  - ``quark``
  - ``qwant``
  - ``seznam``
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-.. _aol engine:
-
-===
-AOL
-===
-
-.. automodule:: searx.engines.aol
-   :members:
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.. _kagi engines:
+
+============
+Kagi Engines
+============
+
+.. automodule:: searx.engines.kagi
+   :members:
+
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-.. _karmasearch engine:
-
-===========
-Karmasearch
-===========
-
-.. automodule:: searx.engines.karmasearch
-   :members:
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ Parameters

 ``autocomplete`` : default from :ref:`settings search`
  [ ``google``, ``dbpedia``, ``duckduckgo``, ``mwmbl``, ``startpage``,
-  ``wikipedia``, ``swisscows``, ``qwant`` ]
+  ``privacywall``, ``wikipedia``, ``swisscows``, ``qwant`` ]

  Service which completes words as you type.

@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ Configured Engines
      {% for mod in engines %}

      * - `{{mod.name}} <{{mod.about and mod.about.website}}>`_
-          {%- if mod.about and  mod.about.language %}
-          ({{mod.about.language | upper}})
+          {%- if mod.language %}
+          ({{mod.language | upper}})
          {%- endif %}
        - ``!{{mod.shortcut}}``
        - {%- if 'searx.engines.' + mod.__name__ in documented_modules %}
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ mock==5.2.0
 nose2[coverage_plugin]==0.16.0
 cov-core==1.15.0
 black==25.9.0
-pylint==4.0.5
+pylint==4.0.6
 splinter==0.21.0
-selenium==4.44.0
+selenium==4.45.0
 Sphinx==8.2.3;python_version <= "3.11"
 Sphinx==9.1.0; python_version > "3.11"
 sphinx-issues==6.0.0
 sphinx-jinja==2.0.2
 sphinx-tabs==3.5.0
 furo==2025.12.19
-sphinxcontrib-programoutput==0.19
+sphinxcontrib-programoutput==0.20
 sphinx-autobuild==2025.8.25
 sphinx-notfound-page==1.1.0
 myst-parser==5.0.0
@@ -23,6 +23,6 @@ coloredlogs==15.0.1
 docutils>=0.21.2;python_version <= "3.11"
 docutils>=0.22.4; python_version > "3.11"
 parameterized==0.9.0
-granian[reload]==2.7.5
-basedpyright==1.39.6
+granian[reload]==2.7.6
+basedpyright==1.39.8
 types-lxml==2026.2.16
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-granian==2.7.5
-granian[pname]==2.7.5
+granian==2.7.6
+granian[pname]==2.7.6
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.6.17
 babel==2.18.0
 flask-babel==4.0.0
 flask==3.1.3
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ sniffio==1.3.1
 valkey==6.1.1
 markdown-it-py==4.2.0
 msgspec==0.21.1
-typer==0.26.3
+typer==0.26.7
 isodate==0.7.2
 whitenoise==6.12.0
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
@@ -179,6 +179,23 @@ def naver(query: str, _sxng_locale: str) -> list[str]:
    return results


+def privacywall(query: str, sxng_locale: str) -> list[str]:
+    # Privacywall search autocompleter
+    country = None
+    if "-" in sxng_locale:
+        country = sxng_locale.split("-")[1]
+    args = {'q': query, 'cc': country}
+
+    url = f"https://www.privacywall.org/search/secure/suggestions.php?{urlencode(args)}"
+    response = get(url)
+
+    if not response.ok:
+        return []
+
+    data: list[list[str]] = response.json()
+    return data[1]
+
+
 def qihu360search(query: str, _sxng_locale: str) -> list[str]:
    # 360Search search autocompleter
    url = f"https://sug.so.360.cn/suggest?{urlencode({'format': 'json', 'word': query})}"
@@ -361,6 +378,7 @@ backends: dict[str, t.Callable[[str, str], list[str]]] = {
    'google': google_complete,
    'mwmbl': mwmbl,
    'naver': naver,
+    'privacywall': privacywall,
    'quark': quark,
    'qwant': qwant,
    'seznam': seznam,
@@ -444,12 +444,10 @@ class ExpireCacheSQLite(sqlitedb.SQLiteAppl, ExpireCache):
    def get(self, key: str, default: typing.Any = None, ctx: str | None = None) -> typing.Any:
        """Get value of ``key`` from table given by argument ``ctx``.  If
        ``ctx`` argument is ``None`` (the default), a table name is generated
-        from the :py:obj:`ExpireCacheCfg.name`.  If ``key`` not exists (in
-        table), the ``default`` value is returned.
-
+        from the :py:obj:`ExpireCacheCfg.name`.  If ``key`` not exists in
+        the table or the table not exists, the ``default`` value is returned.
        """
        table = ctx
-        self.maintenance()

        if not table:
            table = self.normalize_name(self.cfg.name)
@@ -457,6 +455,9 @@ class ExpireCacheSQLite(sqlitedb.SQLiteAppl, ExpireCache):
        if table not in self.table_names:
            return default

+        # Before values are taken from the table, a maintenance interval may
+        # need to be carried out.
+        self.maintenance()
        sql = f"SELECT value FROM {table} WHERE key = ?"
        row = self.DB.execute(sql, (key,)).fetchone()
        if row is None:
@@ -469,12 +470,14 @@ class ExpireCacheSQLite(sqlitedb.SQLiteAppl, ExpireCache):
        If ``ctx`` argument is ``None`` (the default), a table name is
        generated from the :py:obj:`ExpireCacheCfg.name`."""
        table = ctx
-        self.maintenance()

        if not table:
            table = self.normalize_name(self.cfg.name)

        if table in self.table_names:
+            # Before values are taken from the table, a maintenance interval may
+            # need to be carried out.
+            self.maintenance()
            for row in self.DB.execute(f"SELECT key, value FROM {table}"):
                yield row[0], self.deserialize(row[1])

@@ -5740,186 +5740,6 @@
      "zu-ZA": "ZA"
    }
  },
-  "karmasearch": {
-    "all_locale": null,
-    "custom": {},
-    "data_type": "traits_v1",
-    "languages": {},
-    "regions": {
-      "da-DK": "da-DK",
-      "de-AT": "de-AT",
-      "de-CH": "de-CH",
-      "de-DE": "de-DE",
-      "en-AU": "en-AU",
-      "en-CA": "en-CA",
-      "en-GB": "en-GB",
-      "en-ID": "en-ID",
-      "en-IN": "en-IN",
-      "en-MY": "en-MY",
-      "en-NZ": "en-NZ",
-      "en-PH": "en-PH",
-      "en-US": "en-US",
-      "en-ZA": "en-ZA",
-      "es-AR": "es-AR",
-      "es-CL": "es-CL",
-      "es-ES": "es-ES",
-      "es-MX": "es-MX",
-      "es-US": "es-US",
-      "fi-FI": "fi-FI",
-      "fr-BE": "fr-BE",
-      "fr-CA": "fr-CA",
-      "fr-CH": "fr-CH",
-      "fr-FR": "fr-FR",
-      "it-IT": "it-IT",
-      "ja-JP": "ja-JP",
-      "ko-KR": "ko-KR",
-      "nl-BE": "nl-BE",
-      "nl-NL": "nl-NL",
-      "pl-PL": "pl-PL",
-      "pt-BR": "pt-BR",
-      "ru-RU": "ru-RU",
-      "sv-SE": "sv-SE",
-      "tr-TR": "tr-TR",
-      "zh-CN": "zh-CN",
-      "zh-HK": "zh-HK",
-      "zh-TW": "zh-TW"
-    }
-  },
-  "karmasearch images": {
-    "all_locale": null,
-    "custom": {},
-    "data_type": "traits_v1",
-    "languages": {},
-    "regions": {
-      "da-DK": "da-DK",
-      "de-AT": "de-AT",
-      "de-CH": "de-CH",
-      "de-DE": "de-DE",
-      "en-AU": "en-AU",
-      "en-CA": "en-CA",
-      "en-GB": "en-GB",
-      "en-ID": "en-ID",
-      "en-IN": "en-IN",
-      "en-MY": "en-MY",
-      "en-NZ": "en-NZ",
-      "en-PH": "en-PH",
-      "en-US": "en-US",
-      "en-ZA": "en-ZA",
-      "es-AR": "es-AR",
-      "es-CL": "es-CL",
-      "es-ES": "es-ES",
-      "es-MX": "es-MX",
-      "es-US": "es-US",
-      "fi-FI": "fi-FI",
-      "fr-BE": "fr-BE",
-      "fr-CA": "fr-CA",
-      "fr-CH": "fr-CH",
-      "fr-FR": "fr-FR",
-      "it-IT": "it-IT",
-      "ja-JP": "ja-JP",
-      "ko-KR": "ko-KR",
-      "nl-BE": "nl-BE",
-      "nl-NL": "nl-NL",
-      "pl-PL": "pl-PL",
-      "pt-BR": "pt-BR",
-      "ru-RU": "ru-RU",
-      "sv-SE": "sv-SE",
-      "tr-TR": "tr-TR",
-      "zh-CN": "zh-CN",
-      "zh-HK": "zh-HK",
-      "zh-TW": "zh-TW"
-    }
-  },
-  "karmasearch news": {
-    "all_locale": null,
-    "custom": {},
-    "data_type": "traits_v1",
-    "languages": {},
-    "regions": {
-      "da-DK": "da-DK",
-      "de-AT": "de-AT",
-      "de-CH": "de-CH",
-      "de-DE": "de-DE",
-      "en-AU": "en-AU",
-      "en-CA": "en-CA",
-      "en-GB": "en-GB",
-      "en-ID": "en-ID",
-      "en-IN": "en-IN",
-      "en-MY": "en-MY",
-      "en-NZ": "en-NZ",
-      "en-PH": "en-PH",
-      "en-US": "en-US",
-      "en-ZA": "en-ZA",
-      "es-AR": "es-AR",
-      "es-CL": "es-CL",
-      "es-ES": "es-ES",
-      "es-MX": "es-MX",
-      "es-US": "es-US",
-      "fi-FI": "fi-FI",
-      "fr-BE": "fr-BE",
-      "fr-CA": "fr-CA",
-      "fr-CH": "fr-CH",
-      "fr-FR": "fr-FR",
-      "it-IT": "it-IT",
-      "ja-JP": "ja-JP",
-      "ko-KR": "ko-KR",
-      "nl-BE": "nl-BE",
-      "nl-NL": "nl-NL",
-      "pl-PL": "pl-PL",
-      "pt-BR": "pt-BR",
-      "ru-RU": "ru-RU",
-      "sv-SE": "sv-SE",
-      "tr-TR": "tr-TR",
-      "zh-CN": "zh-CN",
-      "zh-HK": "zh-HK",
-      "zh-TW": "zh-TW"
-    }
-  },
-  "karmasearch videos": {
-    "all_locale": null,
-    "custom": {},
-    "data_type": "traits_v1",
-    "languages": {},
-    "regions": {
-      "da-DK": "da-DK",
-      "de-AT": "de-AT",
-      "de-CH": "de-CH",
-      "de-DE": "de-DE",
-      "en-AU": "en-AU",
-      "en-CA": "en-CA",
-      "en-GB": "en-GB",
-      "en-ID": "en-ID",
-      "en-IN": "en-IN",
-      "en-MY": "en-MY",
-      "en-NZ": "en-NZ",
-      "en-PH": "en-PH",
-      "en-US": "en-US",
-      "en-ZA": "en-ZA",
-      "es-AR": "es-AR",
-      "es-CL": "es-CL",
-      "es-ES": "es-ES",
-      "es-MX": "es-MX",
-      "es-US": "es-US",
-      "fi-FI": "fi-FI",
-      "fr-BE": "fr-BE",
-      "fr-CA": "fr-CA",
-      "fr-CH": "fr-CH",
-      "fr-FR": "fr-FR",
-      "it-IT": "it-IT",
-      "ja-JP": "ja-JP",
-      "ko-KR": "ko-KR",
-      "nl-BE": "nl-BE",
-      "nl-NL": "nl-NL",
-      "pl-PL": "pl-PL",
-      "pt-BR": "pt-BR",
-      "ru-RU": "ru-RU",
-      "sv-SE": "sv-SE",
-      "tr-TR": "tr-TR",
-      "zh-CN": "zh-CN",
-      "zh-HK": "zh-HK",
-      "zh-TW": "zh-TW"
-    }
-  },
  "mojeek": {
    "all_locale": null,
    "custom": {
@@ -6814,6 +6634,255 @@
    },
    "regions": {}
  },
+  "privacywall": {
+    "all_locale": null,
+    "custom": {},
+    "data_type": "traits_v1",
+    "languages": {},
+    "regions": {
+      "bg-BG": "BG",
+      "cs-CZ": "CZ",
+      "da-DK": "DK",
+      "de-AT": "AT",
+      "de-BE": "BE",
+      "de-CH": "CH",
+      "de-DE": "DE",
+      "de-LI": "LI",
+      "de-LU": "LU",
+      "el-CY": "CY",
+      "el-GR": "GR",
+      "en-AU": "AU",
+      "en-CA": "CA",
+      "en-GB": "GB",
+      "en-HK": "HK",
+      "en-IE": "IE",
+      "en-IN": "IN",
+      "en-MT": "MT",
+      "en-NZ": "NZ",
+      "en-PH": "PH",
+      "en-SG": "SG",
+      "en-US": "US",
+      "es-AR": "AR",
+      "es-CL": "CL",
+      "es-CO": "CO",
+      "es-ES": "ES",
+      "es-MX": "MX",
+      "es-PE": "PE",
+      "es-VE": "VE",
+      "et-EE": "EE",
+      "fi-FI": "FI",
+      "fil-PH": "PH",
+      "fr-BE": "BE",
+      "fr-CA": "CA",
+      "fr-CH": "CH",
+      "fr-FR": "FR",
+      "fr-LU": "LU",
+      "ga-IE": "IE",
+      "gsw-CH": "CH",
+      "gsw-LI": "LI",
+      "hi-IN": "IN",
+      "hr-HR": "HR",
+      "hu-HU": "HU",
+      "id-ID": "ID",
+      "it-CH": "CH",
+      "it-IT": "IT",
+      "ja-JP": "JP",
+      "ko-KR": "KR",
+      "lb-LU": "LU",
+      "lt-LT": "LT",
+      "lv-LV": "LV",
+      "mi-NZ": "NZ",
+      "ms-MY": "MY",
+      "ms-SG": "SG",
+      "mt-MT": "MT",
+      "nb-NO": "NO",
+      "nl-BE": "BE",
+      "nl-NL": "NL",
+      "nn-NO": "NO",
+      "pl-PL": "PL",
+      "pt-BR": "BR",
+      "pt-PT": "PT",
+      "qu-PE": "PE",
+      "ro-RO": "RO",
+      "sk-SK": "SK",
+      "sl-SI": "SI",
+      "sv-FI": "FI",
+      "sv-SE": "SE",
+      "ta-SG": "SG",
+      "th-TH": "TH",
+      "tr-CY": "CY",
+      "vi-VN": "VN",
+      "zh-HK": "HK",
+      "zh-SG": "SG",
+      "zh-TW": "TW"
+    }
+  },
+  "privacywall images": {
+    "all_locale": null,
+    "custom": {},
+    "data_type": "traits_v1",
+    "languages": {},
+    "regions": {
+      "bg-BG": "BG",
+      "cs-CZ": "CZ",
+      "da-DK": "DK",
+      "de-AT": "AT",
+      "de-BE": "BE",
+      "de-CH": "CH",
+      "de-DE": "DE",
+      "de-LI": "LI",
+      "de-LU": "LU",
+      "el-CY": "CY",
+      "el-GR": "GR",
+      "en-AU": "AU",
+      "en-CA": "CA",
+      "en-GB": "GB",
+      "en-HK": "HK",
+      "en-IE": "IE",
+      "en-IN": "IN",
+      "en-MT": "MT",
+      "en-NZ": "NZ",
+      "en-PH": "PH",
+      "en-SG": "SG",
+      "en-US": "US",
+      "es-AR": "AR",
+      "es-CL": "CL",
+      "es-CO": "CO",
+      "es-ES": "ES",
+      "es-MX": "MX",
+      "es-PE": "PE",
+      "es-VE": "VE",
+      "et-EE": "EE",
+      "fi-FI": "FI",
+      "fil-PH": "PH",
+      "fr-BE": "BE",
+      "fr-CA": "CA",
+      "fr-CH": "CH",
+      "fr-FR": "FR",
+      "fr-LU": "LU",
+      "ga-IE": "IE",
+      "gsw-CH": "CH",
+      "gsw-LI": "LI",
+      "hi-IN": "IN",
+      "hr-HR": "HR",
+      "hu-HU": "HU",
+      "id-ID": "ID",
+      "it-CH": "CH",
+      "it-IT": "IT",
+      "ja-JP": "JP",
+      "ko-KR": "KR",
+      "lb-LU": "LU",
+      "lt-LT": "LT",
+      "lv-LV": "LV",
+      "mi-NZ": "NZ",
+      "ms-MY": "MY",
+      "ms-SG": "SG",
+      "mt-MT": "MT",
+      "nb-NO": "NO",
+      "nl-BE": "BE",
+      "nl-NL": "NL",
+      "nn-NO": "NO",
+      "pl-PL": "PL",
+      "pt-BR": "BR",
+      "pt-PT": "PT",
+      "qu-PE": "PE",
+      "ro-RO": "RO",
+      "sk-SK": "SK",
+      "sl-SI": "SI",
+      "sv-FI": "FI",
+      "sv-SE": "SE",
+      "ta-SG": "SG",
+      "th-TH": "TH",
+      "tr-CY": "CY",
+      "vi-VN": "VN",
+      "zh-HK": "HK",
+      "zh-SG": "SG",
+      "zh-TW": "TW"
+    }
+  },
+  "privacywall videos": {
+    "all_locale": null,
+    "custom": {},
+    "data_type": "traits_v1",
+    "languages": {},
+    "regions": {
+      "bg-BG": "BG",
+      "cs-CZ": "CZ",
+      "da-DK": "DK",
+      "de-AT": "AT",
+      "de-BE": "BE",
+      "de-CH": "CH",
+      "de-DE": "DE",
+      "de-LI": "LI",
+      "de-LU": "LU",
+      "el-CY": "CY",
+      "el-GR": "GR",
+      "en-AU": "AU",
+      "en-CA": "CA",
+      "en-GB": "GB",
+      "en-HK": "HK",
+      "en-IE": "IE",
+      "en-IN": "IN",
+      "en-MT": "MT",
+      "en-NZ": "NZ",
+      "en-PH": "PH",
+      "en-SG": "SG",
+      "en-US": "US",
+      "es-AR": "AR",
+      "es-CL": "CL",
+      "es-CO": "CO",
+      "es-ES": "ES",
+      "es-MX": "MX",
+      "es-PE": "PE",
+      "es-VE": "VE",
+      "et-EE": "EE",
+      "fi-FI": "FI",
+      "fil-PH": "PH",
+      "fr-BE": "BE",
+      "fr-CA": "CA",
+      "fr-CH": "CH",
+      "fr-FR": "FR",
+      "fr-LU": "LU",
+      "ga-IE": "IE",
+      "gsw-CH": "CH",
+      "gsw-LI": "LI",
+      "hi-IN": "IN",
+      "hr-HR": "HR",
+      "hu-HU": "HU",
+      "id-ID": "ID",
+      "it-CH": "CH",
+      "it-IT": "IT",
+      "ja-JP": "JP",
+      "ko-KR": "KR",
+      "lb-LU": "LU",
+      "lt-LT": "LT",
+      "lv-LV": "LV",
+      "mi-NZ": "NZ",
+      "ms-MY": "MY",
+      "ms-SG": "SG",
+      "mt-MT": "MT",
+      "nb-NO": "NO",
+      "nl-BE": "BE",
+      "nl-NL": "NL",
+      "nn-NO": "NO",
+      "pl-PL": "PL",
+      "pt-BR": "BR",
+      "pt-PT": "PT",
+      "qu-PE": "PE",
+      "ro-RO": "RO",
+      "sk-SK": "SK",
+      "sl-SI": "SI",
+      "sv-FI": "FI",
+      "sv-SE": "SE",
+      "ta-SG": "SG",
+      "th-TH": "TH",
+      "tr-CY": "CY",
+      "vi-VN": "VN",
+      "zh-HK": "HK",
+      "zh-SG": "SG",
+      "zh-TW": "TW"
+    }
+  },
  "qwant": {
    "all_locale": null,
    "custom": {},
@@ -7355,6 +7424,222 @@
    },
    "regions": {}
  },
+  "resulthunter": {
+    "all_locale": "all",
+    "custom": {
+      "ui_lang": {
+        "az": "az",
+        "bg": "bg",
+        "br": "br",
+        "ca": "ca",
+        "cs": "cs",
+        "cy": "cy",
+        "da": "da",
+        "de-DE": "de-de",
+        "el": "el",
+        "en-CA": "en-ca",
+        "en-GB": "en-gb",
+        "en-IN": "en-in",
+        "en-US": "en-us",
+        "es": "es",
+        "et": "et",
+        "eu": "eu",
+        "fi-FI": "fi-fi",
+        "fr-CA": "fr-ca",
+        "fr-FR": "fr-fr",
+        "gl": "gl",
+        "hr": "hr",
+        "hu": "hu",
+        "id": "id",
+        "it": "it",
+        "ja-JP": "ja-jp",
+        "ka": "ka",
+        "ko": "ko",
+        "lt": "lt",
+        "lv": "lv",
+        "ms": "ms",
+        "nb": "nb",
+        "nl": "nl",
+        "pl": "pl",
+        "pt-BR": "pt-br",
+        "ro": "ro",
+        "ru": "ru",
+        "sk": "sk",
+        "sl": "sl",
+        "sq-AL": "sq-al",
+        "sr": "sr",
+        "sr_Latn": "sr-latn",
+        "sv": "sv",
+        "sw-KE": "sw-ke",
+        "th": "th",
+        "tr": "tr",
+        "uk": "uk",
+        "vi": "vi",
+        "zh": "zh",
+        "zh-TW": "zh-tw"
+      }
+    },
+    "data_type": "traits_v1",
+    "languages": {},
+    "regions": {
+      "ar-SA": "sa",
+      "da-DK": "dk",
+      "de-AT": "at",
+      "de-BE": "be",
+      "de-CH": "ch",
+      "de-DE": "de",
+      "en-AU": "au",
+      "en-CA": "ca",
+      "en-GB": "gb",
+      "en-HK": "hk",
+      "en-IN": "in",
+      "en-NZ": "nz",
+      "en-PH": "ph",
+      "en-US": "us",
+      "en-ZA": "za",
+      "es-AR": "ar",
+      "es-CL": "cl",
+      "es-ES": "es",
+      "es-MX": "mx",
+      "fi-FI": "fi",
+      "fil-PH": "ph",
+      "fr-BE": "be",
+      "fr-CA": "ca",
+      "fr-CH": "ch",
+      "fr-FR": "fr",
+      "gsw-CH": "ch",
+      "hi-IN": "in",
+      "id-ID": "id",
+      "it-CH": "ch",
+      "it-IT": "it",
+      "ja-JP": "jp",
+      "ko-KR": "kr",
+      "mi-NZ": "nz",
+      "ms-MY": "my",
+      "nb-NO": "no",
+      "nl-BE": "be",
+      "nl-NL": "nl",
+      "nn-NO": "no",
+      "pl-PL": "pl",
+      "pt-BR": "br",
+      "pt-PT": "pt",
+      "ru-RU": "ru",
+      "sv-FI": "fi",
+      "sv-SE": "se",
+      "tr-TR": "tr",
+      "zh-CN": "cn",
+      "zh-HK": "hk",
+      "zh-TW": "tw"
+    }
+  },
+  "resulthunter images": {
+    "all_locale": "all",
+    "custom": {
+      "ui_lang": {
+        "az": "az",
+        "bg": "bg",
+        "br": "br",
+        "ca": "ca",
+        "cs": "cs",
+        "cy": "cy",
+        "da": "da",
+        "de-DE": "de-de",
+        "el": "el",
+        "en-CA": "en-ca",
+        "en-GB": "en-gb",
+        "en-IN": "en-in",
+        "en-US": "en-us",
+        "es": "es",
+        "et": "et",
+        "eu": "eu",
+        "fi-FI": "fi-fi",
+        "fr-CA": "fr-ca",
+        "fr-FR": "fr-fr",
+        "gl": "gl",
+        "hr": "hr",
+        "hu": "hu",
+        "id": "id",
+        "it": "it",
+        "ja-JP": "ja-jp",
+        "ka": "ka",
+        "ko": "ko",
+        "lt": "lt",
+        "lv": "lv",
+        "ms": "ms",
+        "nb": "nb",
+        "nl": "nl",
+        "pl": "pl",
+        "pt-BR": "pt-br",
+        "ro": "ro",
+        "ru": "ru",
+        "sk": "sk",
+        "sl": "sl",
+        "sq-AL": "sq-al",
+        "sr": "sr",
+        "sr_Latn": "sr-latn",
+        "sv": "sv",
+        "sw-KE": "sw-ke",
+        "th": "th",
+        "tr": "tr",
+        "uk": "uk",
+        "vi": "vi",
+        "zh": "zh",
+        "zh-TW": "zh-tw"
+      }
+    },
+    "data_type": "traits_v1",
+    "languages": {},
+    "regions": {
+      "ar-SA": "sa",
+      "da-DK": "dk",
+      "de-AT": "at",
+      "de-BE": "be",
+      "de-CH": "ch",
+      "de-DE": "de",
+      "en-AU": "au",
+      "en-CA": "ca",
+      "en-GB": "gb",
+      "en-HK": "hk",
+      "en-IN": "in",
+      "en-NZ": "nz",
+      "en-PH": "ph",
+      "en-US": "us",
+      "en-ZA": "za",
+      "es-AR": "ar",
+      "es-CL": "cl",
+      "es-ES": "es",
+      "es-MX": "mx",
+      "fi-FI": "fi",
+      "fil-PH": "ph",
+      "fr-BE": "be",
+      "fr-CA": "ca",
+      "fr-CH": "ch",
+      "fr-FR": "fr",
+      "gsw-CH": "ch",
+      "hi-IN": "in",
+      "id-ID": "id",
+      "it-CH": "ch",
+      "it-IT": "it",
+      "ja-JP": "jp",
+      "ko-KR": "kr",
+      "mi-NZ": "nz",
+      "ms-MY": "my",
+      "nb-NO": "no",
+      "nl-BE": "be",
+      "nl-NL": "nl",
+      "nn-NO": "no",
+      "pl-PL": "pl",
+      "pt-BR": "br",
+      "pt-PT": "pt",
+      "ru-RU": "ru",
+      "sv-FI": "fi",
+      "sv-SE": "se",
+      "tr-TR": "tr",
+      "zh-CN": "cn",
+      "zh-HK": "hk",
+      "zh-TW": "tw"
+    }
+  },
  "sepiasearch": {
    "all_locale": null,
    "custom": {},
@@ -9300,4 +9585,4 @@
    },
    "regions": {}
  }
-}
+}
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@

 - :py:obj:`searx.enginelib.EngineCache`
 - :py:obj:`searx.enginelib.Engine`
+- :py:obj:`searx.enginelib.EngineAbout`
 - :py:obj:`searx.enginelib.traits`

 There is a command line for developer purposes and for deeper analysis.  Here is
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ an example in which the command line is called in the development environment::

 """

-__all__ = ["EngineCache", "Engine", "ENGINES_CACHE"]
+__all__ = ["EngineCache", "Engine", "EngineAbout", "ENGINES_CACHE"]

 import typing as t
 import abc
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ from collections.abc import Callable
 import logging
 import string
 import typer
+import msgspec

 from ..cache import ExpireCacheSQLite, ExpireCacheCfg

@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
    from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
    from searx.result_types import EngineResults
-    from searx.search.processors import OfflineParamTypes, OnlineParamTypes
+    from searx.search.processors import OfflineParamTypes, OnlineParamTypes, ProcessorType

 ENGINES_CACHE: ExpireCacheSQLite = ExpireCacheSQLite.build_cache(
    ExpireCacheCfg(
@@ -178,111 +180,7 @@ class EngineCache:
        return ENGINES_CACHE.secret_hash(name=name)


-class Engine(abc.ABC):  # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
-    """Class of engine instances build from YAML settings.
-
-    Further documentation see :ref:`general engine configuration`.
-
-    .. hint::
-
-       This class is currently never initialized and only used for type hinting.
-    """
-
-    logger: logging.Logger
-
-    # Common options in the engine module
-
-    engine_type: str
-    """Type of the engine (:ref:`searx.search.processors`)"""
-
-    paging: bool
-    """Engine supports multiple pages."""
-
-    max_page: int = 0
-    """If the engine supports paging, then this is the value for the last page
-    that is still supported. ``0`` means unlimited numbers of pages."""
-
-    time_range_support: bool
-    """Engine supports search time range."""
-
-    safesearch: bool
-    """Engine supports SafeSearch"""
-
-    language_support: bool
-    """Engine supports languages (locales) search."""
-
-    language: str
-    """For an engine, when there is ``language: ...`` in the YAML settings the engine
-    does support only this one language:
-
-    .. code:: yaml
-
-      - name: google french
-        engine: google
-        language: fr
-    """
-
-    region: str
-    """For an engine, when there is ``region: ...`` in the YAML settings the engine
-    does support only this one region::
-
-    .. code:: yaml
-
-      - name: google belgium
-        engine: google
-        region: fr-BE
-    """
-
-    fetch_traits: "Callable[[EngineTraits, bool], None]"
-    """Function to to fetch engine's traits from origin."""
-
-    traits: "traits.EngineTraits"
-    """Traits of the engine."""
-
-    # settings.yml
-
-    categories: list[str]
-    """Specifies to which :ref:`engine categories` the engine should be added."""
-
-    name: str
-    """Name that will be used across SearXNG to define this engine.  In settings, on
-    the result page .."""
-
-    engine: str
-    """Name of the python file used to handle requests and responses to and from
-    this search engine (file name from :origin:`searx/engines` without
-    ``.py``)."""
-
-    enable_http: bool
-    """Enable HTTP (by default only HTTPS is enabled)."""
-
-    shortcut: str
-    """Code used to execute bang requests (``!foo``)"""
-
-    timeout: float
-    """Specific timeout for search-engine."""
-
-    display_error_messages: bool
-    """Display error messages on the web UI."""
-
-    proxies: dict[str, dict[str, str]]
-    """Set proxies for a specific engine (YAML):
-
-    .. code:: yaml
-
-       proxies :
-         http:  socks5://proxy:port
-         https: socks5://proxy:port
-    """
-
-    disabled: bool
-    """To disable by default the engine, but not deleting it.  It will allow the
-    user to manually activate it in the settings."""
-
-    inactive: bool
-    """Remove the engine from the settings (*disabled & removed*)."""
-
-    about: dict[str, dict[str, str]]
+class EngineAbout(msgspec.Struct, kw_only=True):
    """Additional fields describing the engine.

    .. code:: yaml
@@ -296,21 +194,173 @@ class Engine(abc.ABC):  # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
          results: HTML
    """

-    using_tor_proxy: bool
+    # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
+
+    website: str = ""
+    """Official web-site of the origin."""
+
+    wikidata_id: str = ""
+    """`Wikidata ID <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Identifiers>`_"""
+
+    official_api_documentation: str = ""
+    """URL of the official API (regardless of whether it is used)"""
+
+    use_official_api: bool = False
+    """SearXNG engine makes use of the official API or not"""
+    require_api_key: bool = False
+    """API requires a key or not."""
+
+    results: str = ""
+    """Data format of the source (online-engines: of the response)."""
+
+    description: str = ""
+    """Brief description of the engine and where it gets its data from.
+
+    This value should only be set as long as no description of the data source
+    is available via a :py:obj:`EngineAbout.wikidata_id`.
+    """
+
+    language: str = ""
+    """Deprecated! Migrate your setting from `engine.about.language` to
+    `engine.language`"""
+
+
+class Engine(abc.ABC):  # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
+    """Class of engine instances build from YAML settings.
+
+    Further documentation see :ref:`general engine configuration`.
+
+    The defaults are taken from :py:obj:`searx.engines.ENGINE_DEFAULT_ARGS`.
+
+    .. hint::
+
+       This class is currently never initialized and only used for type hinting.
+    """
+
+    logger: logging.Logger
+
+    # Common options of the engine module
+
+    engine_type: "ProcessorType" = "online"
+    """Type of the engine (:ref:`searx.search.processors`)"""
+
+    paging: bool = False
+    """Engine supports multiple pages."""
+
+    max_page: int = 0
+    """If the engine supports paging, then this is the value for the last page
+    that is still supported. ``0`` means unlimited numbers of pages."""
+
+    time_range_support: bool = False
+    """Engine supports search time range."""
+
+    safesearch: bool = False
+    """Engine supports SafeSearch"""
+
+    language_support: bool = False
+    """Engine supports languages (locales) search."""
+
+    fetch_traits: "Callable[[EngineTraits, bool], None]"
+    """Function to to fetch engine's traits from origin."""
+
+    traits: "traits.EngineTraits"
+    """Traits of the engine."""
+
+    # settings.yml
+
+    name: str
+    """Name that will be used across SearXNG to define this engine.  In settings, on
+    the result page .."""
+
+    engine: str
+    """Name of the python file used to handle requests and responses to and from
+    this search engine (file name from :origin:`searx/engines` without
+    ``.py``)."""
+
+    categories: list[str] = ["general"]
+    """Specifies to which :ref:`engine categories` the engine should be added."""
+
+    language: str = ""
+    """If the engine supports only one language, this language is specified here
+    (``en``, ``de``, ``"no"`` or ..); otherwise, the value remains empty. For
+    the YAML configuration: think of the `YAML-Norway problem
+    <https://ruuda.nl/2023/the-yaml-document-from-hell#the-norway-problem>`_
+
+    .. code:: yaml
+
+      - name: google norway
+        engine: google
+        language: "no"
+
+    Depending on ``language_support``, this value has similar but also slightly
+    different meanings.
+
+    - When ``language_support`` is **true**, the map of
+      :py:obj:`traits.EngineTraits.languages` is reduced to the selected
+      language
+
+    - When ``language_support`` is **false**, then the implementation of the
+      engine only supports this one ``language``
+    """
+
+    region: str = ""
+    """For an engine, when there is ``region: ...`` in the YAML settings the engine
+    does support only this one region::
+
+    .. code:: yaml
+
+      - name: google belgium
+        engine: google
+        region: fr-BE
+    """
+
+    enable_http: bool
+    """Enable HTTP (by default only HTTPS is enabled)."""
+
+    shortcut: str
+    """Code used to execute bang requests (``!foo``)"""
+
+    timeout: float
+    """Specific timeout for search-engine."""
+
+    display_error_messages: bool
+    """Display error messages on the web UI."""
+
+    disabled: bool = False
+    """To disable by default the engine, but not deleting it.  It will allow the
+    user to manually activate it in the settings."""
+
+    inactive: bool = False
+    """Remove the engine from the settings (*disabled & removed*)."""
+
+    about: EngineAbout = EngineAbout()
+    """Additional fields describing the engine."""
+
+    using_tor_proxy: bool = False
    """Using tor proxy (``true``) or not (``false``) for this engine."""

-    send_accept_language_header: bool
+    send_accept_language_header: bool = True
    """When this option is activated (default), the language (locale) that is
    selected by the user is used to build and send a ``Accept-Language`` header
    in the request to the origin search engine."""

-    tokens: list[str]
+    tokens: list[str] = []
    """A list of secret tokens to make this engine *private*, more details see
    :ref:`private engines`."""

-    weight: int
+    weight: float = 1.0
    """Weighting of the results of this engine (:ref:`weight <settings engines>`)."""

+    proxies: dict[str, dict[str, str]]
+    """Set proxies for a specific engine (YAML):
+
+    .. code:: yaml
+
+       proxies :
+         http:  socks5://proxy:port
+         https: socks5://proxy:port
+    """
+
    def setup(self, engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
        """Dynamic setup of the engine settings.

@@ -142,11 +142,11 @@ class EngineTraits:
        """

        if self.data_type == "traits_v1":
-            self._set_traits_v1(engine)
+            self._set_traits_v1(engine)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
        else:
            raise TypeError("engine traits of type %s is unknown" % self.data_type)

-    def _set_traits_v1(self, engine: "Engine | types.ModuleType") -> None:
+    def _set_traits_v1(self, engine: "Engine") -> None:
        # For an engine, when there is `language: ...` in the YAML settings the engine
        # does support only this one language (region)::
        #
@@ -159,22 +159,25 @@ class EngineTraits:

        _msg = "settings.yml - engine: '%s' / %s: '%s' not supported"

-        languages = traits.languages
-        if hasattr(engine, "language"):
-            if engine.language not in languages:
-                raise ValueError(_msg % (engine.name, "language", engine.language))
-            traits.languages = {engine.language: languages[engine.language]}
+        if engine.language:
+            if engine.language_support:
+                if not len(traits.languages) > 1:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"engine {engine.name}: activated language_support with just one or less languages"
+                    )
+                if engine.language not in traits.languages:
+                    raise ValueError(_msg % (engine.name, "language", engine.language))
+                traits.languages = {engine.language: traits.languages[engine.language]}

-        regions = traits.regions
-        if hasattr(engine, "region"):
-            if engine.region not in regions:
+        if engine.region:
+            if engine.region not in traits.regions:
                raise ValueError(_msg % (engine.name, "region", engine.region))
-            traits.regions = {engine.region: regions[engine.region]}
+            traits.regions = {engine.region: traits.regions[engine.region]}

        engine.language_support = bool(traits.languages or traits.regions)

        # set the copied & modified traits in engine's namespace
-        engine.traits = traits  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        engine.traits = traits


 class EngineTraitsMap(dict[str, EngineTraits]):
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "HTML",
-    "language": "zh",
 }
+language = "zh"

 # Engine Configuration
 categories = ["general"]
@@ -5,19 +5,19 @@ intended monkey patching of the engine modules.
 .. attention::

   Monkey-patching modules is a practice from the past that shouldn't be
-   expanded upon.  In the long run, there should be an engine class that can be
-   inherited.  However, as long as this class doesn't exist, and as long as all
-   engine modules aren't converted to an engine class, these builtin types will
-   still be needed.
+   expanded upon.  In the long run, engines should be instances of
+   :py:obj:`searx.enginelib.Engine`. However, as long as long as all engine
+   modules aren't converted to this class, these builtin types will still be
+   needed.
 """

 import logging
 from searx.enginelib import traits as _traits

 logger: logging.Logger
-supported_languages: str
-language_aliases: str
 language_support: bool
+language: str
+region: str
 traits: _traits.EngineTraits

 # from searx.engines.ENGINE_DEFAULT_ARGS
@@ -12,41 +12,50 @@ import typing as t

 import sys
 import copy
+import os
 from os.path import realpath, dirname
+import warnings

 import types
 import inspect
+import msgspec

 from searx import logger, settings
 from searx.utils import load_module
-
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from searx.enginelib import Engine
+from searx.data import ENGINE_TRAITS
+from searx.enginelib import Engine, EngineAbout

 logger = logger.getChild('engines')
 ENGINE_DIR = dirname(realpath(__file__))

 # Defaults for the namespace of an engine module, see load_engine()
-ENGINE_DEFAULT_ARGS: dict[str, int | str | list[t.Any] | dict[str, t.Any] | bool] = {
+ENGINE_DEFAULT_ARGS: dict[str, t.Any] = {
    # Common options in the engine module
    "engine_type": "online",
    "paging": False,
+    "max_page": 0,
    "time_range_support": False,
    "safesearch": False,
+    "language_support": False,
    # settings.yml
    "categories": ["general"],
+    "language": "",
+    "region": "",
    "enable_http": False,
    "shortcut": "-",
    "timeout": settings["outgoing"]["request_timeout"],
    "display_error_messages": True,
    "disabled": False,
    "inactive": False,
-    "about": {},
+    "about": EngineAbout(),
    "using_tor_proxy": False,
    "send_accept_language_header": True,
    "tokens": [],
-    "max_page": 0,
+    "weight": 1.0,
 }
+"""Default values that are set in an engine of type *module*, please compare
+with the class :py:obj:`searx.enginelib.Engine`."""
+
 # set automatically when an engine does not have any tab category
 DEFAULT_CATEGORY = 'other'

@@ -176,14 +185,41 @@ def set_loggers(engine: "Engine|types.ModuleType", engine_name: str):


 def update_engine_attributes(engine: "Engine | types.ModuleType", engine_data: dict[str, t.Any]):
+    # pylint: disable=too-many-branches
+
    # set engine attributes from engine_data
+    kvargs: dict[str, t.Any]
+    if isinstance(engine.about, EngineAbout):
+        kvargs = {**msgspec.to_builtins(engine.about), **engine_data.get("about", {})}
+    else:
+        kvargs = {**engine.about, **engine_data.get("about", {})}
+
+    try:
+        engine.about = EngineAbout(**kvargs)
+    except TypeError as exc:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"engine '{engine_data['name']}' ({engine_data['engine']}) - in the about section --> {exc}"
+        ) from exc
+
+    # warn about deprecated engine settings
+
+    if engine.about.language:
+        if hasattr(engine, "language") and not engine.language:
+            engine.language = engine.about.language
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"engine '{engine_data['name']}' ({engine_data['engine']})"
+            f" - migrate engine.about.language to engine.language!",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            2,
+        )
+
    for param_name, param_value in engine_data.items():
+        if param_name == "about":
+            continue
        if param_name == 'categories':
            if isinstance(param_value, str):
                param_value = list(map(str.strip, param_value.split(',')))
            engine.categories = param_value  # type: ignore
-        elif hasattr(engine, 'about') and param_name == 'about':
-            engine.about = {**engine.about, **engine_data['about']}  # type: ignore
        else:
            setattr(engine, param_name, param_value)

@@ -192,6 +228,9 @@ def update_engine_attributes(engine: "Engine | types.ModuleType", engine_data: d
        if not hasattr(engine, arg_name):
            setattr(engine, arg_name, copy.deepcopy(arg_value))

+    if ENGINE_TRAITS.get(engine.name, {}).get("languages") and not engine.language_support:
+        raise ValueError(f"engine '{engine.name}' ({engine_data['engine']}) language_support should be set to True")
+

 def update_attributes_for_tor(engine: "Engine | types.ModuleType"):
    if using_tor_proxy(engine) and hasattr(engine, 'onion_url'):
@@ -278,6 +317,8 @@ def load_engines(engine_list: list[dict[str, t.Any]]):
        else:
            # if an engine can't be loaded (if for example the engine is missing
            # tor or some other requirements) its set to inactive!
-            logger.error("loading engine %s failed: set engine to inactive!", engine_data.get("name", "???"))
+            logger.error(
+                f"(PID {os.getpid()}) loading engine %s failed: set engine to inactive!", engine_data.get("name", "???")
+            )
            engine_data["inactive"] = True
    return engines
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "HTML",
-    "language": "zh",
 }

 # Engine Configuration
 categories = ["videos"]
 paging = True
+language = "zh"

 # Base URL
 base_url = "https://www.acfun.cn"
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ about: dict[str, t.Any] = {
 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["files", "books"]
 paging: bool = True
+language_support = True

 # search-url
 base_url: list[str] | str = []
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ about = {
    'use_official_api': False,
    'require_api_key': False,
    'results': 'HTML',
-    'language': 'it',
 }
+language = "it"


 def request(query, params):
@@ -1,210 +0,0 @@
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
-"""AOL supports WEB, image, and video search.  Internally, it uses the Bing
-index.
-
-AOL doesn't seem to support setting the language via request parameters, instead
-the results are based on the URL.  For example, there is
-
- `search.aol.com <https://search.aol.com>`_ for English results
- `suche.aol.de <https://suche.aol.de>`_ for German results
-
-However, AOL offers its services only in a few regions:
-
- en-US: search.aol.com
- de-DE: suche.aol.de
- fr-FR: recherche.aol.fr
- en-GB: search.aol.co.uk
- en-CA: search.aol.ca
-
-In order to still offer sufficient support for language and region, the `search
-keywords`_ known from Bing, ``language`` and ``loc`` (region), are added to the
-search term (AOL is basically just a proxy for Bing).
-
-.. _search keywords:
-    https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/advanced-search-keywords-ea595928-5d63-4a0b-9c6b-0b769865e78a
-
-"""
-
-from urllib.parse import urlencode, unquote_plus
-import typing as t
-
-from lxml import html
-from dateutil import parser
-
-from searx.result_types import EngineResults
-from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text
-
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
-    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
-
-about = {
-    "website": "https://www.aol.com",
-    "wikidata_id": "Q2407",
-    "official_api_documentation": None,
-    "use_official_api": False,
-    "require_api_key": False,
-    "results": "HTML",
-}
-
-categories = ["general"]
-search_type = "search"  # supported: search, image, video
-
-paging = True
-safesearch = True
-time_range_support = True
-results_per_page = 10
-
-
-base_url = "https://search.aol.com"
-time_range_map = {"day": "1d", "week": "1w", "month": "1m", "year": "1y"}
-safesearch_map = {0: "p", 1: "r", 2: "i"}
-
-enable_http2 = False
-
-
-def init(_):
-    if search_type not in ("search", "image", "video"):
-        raise ValueError(f"unsupported search type {search_type}")
-
-
-def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
-
-    language, region = (params["searxng_locale"].split("-") + [None])[:2]
-    if language and language != "all":
-        query = f"{query} language:{language}"
-    if region:
-        query = f"{query} loc:{region}"
-
-    args: dict[str, str | int | None] = {
-        "q": query,
-        "b": params["pageno"] * results_per_page + 1,  # page is 1-indexed
-        "pz": results_per_page,
-    }
-
-    if params["time_range"]:
-        args["fr2"] = "time"
-        args["age"] = params["time_range"]
-    else:
-        args["fr2"] = "sb-top-search"
-
-    params["cookies"]["sB"] = f"vm={safesearch_map[params['safesearch']]}"
-    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/aol/{search_type}?{urlencode(args)}"
-    logger.debug(params)
-
-
-def _deobfuscate_url(obfuscated_url: str) -> str | None:
-    # URL looks like "https://search.aol.com/click/_ylt=AwjFSDjd;_ylu=JfsdjDFd/RV=2/RE=1774058166/RO=10/RU=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fTree/RK=0/RS=BP2CqeMLjscg4n8cTmuddlEQA2I-"  # pylint: disable=line-too-long
-    if not obfuscated_url:
-        return None
-
-    for part in obfuscated_url.split("/"):
-        if part.startswith("RU="):
-            return unquote_plus(part[3:])
-    # pattern for de-obfuscating URL not found, fall back to Yahoo's tracking link
-    return obfuscated_url
-
-
-def _general_results(doc: html.HtmlElement) -> EngineResults:
-    res = EngineResults()
-
-    for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[@id='web']//ol/li[not(contains(@class, 'first'))]"):
-        obfuscated_url = extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//h3/a/@href"))
-        if not obfuscated_url:
-            continue
-
-        url = _deobfuscate_url(obfuscated_url)
-        if not url:
-            continue
-
-        res.add(
-            res.types.MainResult(
-                url=url,
-                title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//h3/a")) or "",
-                content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'compText')]")) or "",
-                thumbnail=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'thm')]/img/@data-src")) or "",
-            )
-        )
-    return res
-
-
-def _video_results(doc: html.HtmlElement) -> EngineResults:
-    res = EngineResults()
-
-    for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'results')]//ol/li"):
-        obfuscated_url = extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a/@href"))
-        if not obfuscated_url:
-            continue
-
-        url = _deobfuscate_url(obfuscated_url)
-        if not url:
-            continue
-
-        published_date_raw = extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'v-age')]"))
-        try:
-            published_date = parser.parse(published_date_raw or "")
-        except parser.ParserError:
-            published_date = None
-
-        res.add(
-            res.types.LegacyResult(
-                {
-                    "template": "videos.html",
-                    "url": url,
-                    "title": extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//h3")),
-                    "content": extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'compText')]")),
-                    "thumbnail": extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//img[contains(@class, 'thm')]/@src")),
-                    "length": extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//span[contains(@class, 'v-time')]")),
-                    "publishedDate": published_date,
-                }
-            )
-        )
-
-    return res
-
-
-def _image_results(doc: html.HtmlElement) -> EngineResults:
-    res = EngineResults()
-
-    for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//section[@id='results']//ul/li"):
-        obfuscated_url = extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./a/@href"))
-        if not obfuscated_url:
-            continue
-
-        url = _deobfuscate_url(obfuscated_url)
-        if not url:
-            continue
-
-        res.add(
-            res.types.LegacyResult(
-                {
-                    "template": "images.html",
-                    # results don't have an extra URL, only the image source
-                    "url": url,
-                    "title": extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a/@aria-label")),
-                    "thumbnail_src": extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//img/@src")),
-                    "img_src": url,
-                }
-            )
-        )
-
-    return res
-
-
-def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
-    doc = html.fromstring(resp.text)
-
-    match search_type:
-        case "search":
-            results = _general_results(doc)
-        case "image":
-            results = _image_results(doc)
-        case "video":
-            results = _video_results(doc)
-        case _:
-            raise ValueError("unsupported search type")
-
-    for suggestion in eval_xpath_list(doc, ".//ol[contains(@class, 'searchRightBottom')]//table//a"):
-        results.add(results.types.LegacyResult({"suggestion": extract_text(suggestion)}))
-
-    return results
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ about = {
 categories = ["it", "software wikis"]
 paging = True
 main_wiki = "wiki.archlinux.org"
+language_support = True


 def request(query, params):
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": True,
    "require_api_key": True,
    "results": "JSON",
-    "language": "en",
 }
+language = "en"

 CACHE: EngineCache
 """Persistent (SQLite) key/value cache that deletes its values after ``expire``
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "JSON",
-    "language": "zh",
 }
+language = "zh"

 paging = True
 categories = []
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ about = {
 categories = ["general", "social media"]
 paging = True
 time_range_support = True
+language_support = True

 base_url = "https://boardreader.com"
 time_range_map = {"day": "1", "week": "7", "month": "30", "year": "365"}
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ about = {
    'use_official_api': False,
    'require_api_key': False,
    'results': 'JSON',
-    'language': 'de',
 }
+language = "de"

 paging = True
 categories = ['general']
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""Chatnoir is an open source search engine developed by Webis, a network of
+researchers from the universities of Weimar, Halle and Leipzig. It supports
+different different text corpora as indexes, e.g. CommonCrawl. See its
+`announcement`_ for more information.
+
+.. _announcement : https://groups.google.com/g/common-crawl/c/3o2dOHpeRxo/m/H2Osqz9dAAAJ
+"""
+
+import typing as t
+
+from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
+from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+from searx.network import get, post
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import html_to_text
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://www.chatnoir.eu",
+    "official_api_documentation": "https://www.chatnoir.eu/docs/api-general",
+    "use_official_api": True,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "JSON",
+}
+
+base_url = "https://www.chatnoir.eu"
+categories = ["general"]
+
+paging = True
+page_size = 10
+
+api_key = ""
+"""You can optionally provide your own API key here. This one will then be used
+instead of scraping an API key."""
+
+search_index = "cw22"
+"""Search index to browse in. See `the API documentation
+<https://www.chatnoir.eu/docs/api-general>`_ for a full list."""
+
+
+def _obtain_api_key() -> tuple[str, str, str]:
+    home_resp = get(base_url)
+    if not home_resp.ok:
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain api key")
+    csrf_token = home_resp.cookies["csrftoken"]
+
+    token_resp = post(
+        "https://www.chatnoir.eu/?init",
+        headers={
+            "Referer": f"{base_url}/",
+            "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
+            "X-Csrf-Token": csrf_token,
+        },
+        cookies=home_resp.cookies,
+    )
+    if not token_resp.ok:
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain api key")
+    session_id = token_resp.cookies["sessionid"]
+    scraped_api_key = token_resp.json()["token"]["token"]
+
+    return csrf_token, session_id, scraped_api_key
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
+    if api_key:
+        # use user-provided API key instead of scraping one
+        headers = {
+            "Authorization": f"Bearer {api_key}",
+        }
+
+        params["headers"].update(headers)
+    else:
+        csrf_token, session_id, scraped_api_key = _obtain_api_key()
+
+        headers = {
+            "Authorization": f"Bearer {scraped_api_key}",
+            "X-Csrf-Token": csrf_token,
+        }
+
+        params["headers"].update(headers)
+        params["cookies"] = {"csrftoken": session_id, "sessionid": session_id}
+
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/api/v1/_search"
+    params["method"] = "POST"
+
+    json_data = {
+        "query": query,
+        "index": [
+            search_index,
+        ],
+        "from": (params["pageno"] - 1) * page_size,
+        "size": page_size,
+        "_extended_meta": True,
+    }
+    params["json"] = json_data
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    results = resp.json()["results"]
+
+    for result in results:
+        res.add(
+            res.types.MainResult(
+                url=result["target_uri"],
+                title=html_to_text(result["title"]),
+                content=html_to_text(result["snippet"]),
+            )
+        )
+
+    return res
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ about = {
    'use_official_api': False,
    'require_api_key': False,
    'results': 'JSON',
-    'language': 'de',
 }
+language = "de"

 paging = True
 categories = []
@@ -70,13 +70,13 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "JSON",
-    "language": "zh",
 }

 paging = True
 time_range_support = True
 results_per_page = 10
 categories = []
+language = "zh"

 ChinasoCategoryType = t.Literal['news', 'videos', 'images']
 """ChinaSo supports news, videos, images search.
@@ -156,6 +156,13 @@ def response(resp):
    except Exception as e:
        raise SearxEngineAPIException(f"Invalid response: {e}") from e

+    # Upstream returns {'status': 0, 'msg': 'empty result', 'data': {}} when there
+    # are no results; this is a valid empty result rather than an API error.
+    if not isinstance(data, dict) or "data" not in data:
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException("Invalid response")
+    if not data["data"]:
+        return []
+
    parsers = {'news': parse_news, 'images': parse_images, 'videos': parse_videos}

    return parsers[chinaso_category](data)
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ categories = ["videos"]
 paging = True
 page_size = 10

+language_support = True
 time_range_support = True
 time_delta_dict = {
    "day": timedelta(days=1),
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import typing as t
 import json

 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
-from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
+from searx.enginelib import EngineCache, EngineAbout

 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
    from searx.search.processors import RequestParams
@@ -35,13 +35,11 @@ categories = ["general"]
 disabled = True
 timeout = 2.0

-about = {
-    "wikidata_id": None,
-    "official_api_documentation": None,
-    "use_official_api": False,
-    "require_api_key": False,
-    "results": "JSON",
-}
+language = "en"
+about = EngineAbout(
+    results="JSON",
+    description="Demo offline engine Engine with results in the English language.",
+)

 # if there is a need for globals, use a leading underline
 _my_offline_engine: str = ""
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import typing as t

 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.enginelib import EngineAbout

 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
@@ -43,14 +44,14 @@ page_size = 20
 search_api = "https://api.artic.edu/api/v1/artworks/search"
 image_api = "https://www.artic.edu/iiif/2/"

-about = {
-    "website": "https://www.artic.edu",
-    "wikidata_id": "Q239303",
-    "official_api_documentation": "http://api.artic.edu/docs/",
-    "use_official_api": True,
-    "require_api_key": False,
-    "results": "JSON",
-}
+about = EngineAbout(
+    website="https://www.artic.edu",
+    wikidata_id="Q239303",
+    official_api_documentation="http://api.artic.edu/docs/",
+    use_official_api=True,
+    require_api_key=False,
+    results="JSON",
+)


 # if there is a need for globals, use a leading underline
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ about = {
    'use_official_api': False,
    'require_api_key': False,
    'results': 'HTML',
-    'language': 'de',
 }
+language = "de"

 categories = []
 paging = True
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""Dogpile is a metasearch engine by the American advertising company `System1`_.
+
+.. _System1: https://system1.com/
+"""
+
+import typing as t
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+import html
+
+from searx.utils import format_duration, html_to_text, humanize_number
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://www.dogpile.com",
+    "wikidata_id": "Q3595363",
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "JSON",
+}
+
+paging = True
+safesearch = True
+
+categories = ["general"]
+dogpile_categ = "search"
+"""Category to search in. Can be either "search", "images", "videos" or "news"."""
+
+
+base_url = "https://www.dogpile.com"
+safe_search_map = {0: "none", 1: "moderate", 2: "heavy"}
+
+
+def init(_):
+    if dogpile_categ not in ("search", "images", "videos", "news"):
+        raise ValueError("invalid search type: %s" % dogpile_categ)
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/api/{dogpile_categ}"
+    params["method"] = "POST"
+    params["json"] = {"q": query, "qadf": safe_search_map[params["safesearch"]], "page": params["pageno"]}
+    return params
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    json_resp = resp.json()
+
+    for result in json_resp["results"]:
+        if dogpile_categ == "search":
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=result["clickUrl"],
+                    title=html_to_text(result["title"]),
+                    content=html_to_text(result["description"]),
+                )
+            )
+        elif dogpile_categ == "news":
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=result["clickUrl"],
+                    title=html_to_text(html.unescape(result["title"])),
+                    content=html_to_text(html.unescape(result["description"])),
+                    thumbnail=result["thumbnailUrl"],
+                    publishedDate=datetime.fromtimestamp(result["date"], tz=timezone.utc),
+                )
+            )
+        elif dogpile_categ == "videos":
+            res.add(
+                res.types.LegacyResult(
+                    template="videos.html",
+                    url=result["clickUrl"],
+                    title=html_to_text(result["title"]),
+                    content=html_to_text(result["description"]),
+                    thumbnail=result["thumbnailUrl"],
+                    publishedDate=datetime.fromisoformat(result["publishDate"]),
+                    length=format_duration(result["duration"]),
+                    views=humanize_number(result["viewCount"]),
+                )
+            )
+        elif dogpile_categ == "images":
+            res.add(
+                res.types.Image(
+                    url=result["altClickUrl"],
+                    title=html_to_text(result["title"]),
+                    content=html_to_text(result["description"]),
+                    img_src=result["clickUrl"],
+                    thumbnail_src=result["thumbnailUrl"],
+                    resolution=f"{result['width']}x{result['height']}",
+                    img_format=result["format"],
+                )
+            )
+
+    return res
@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@ about: dict[str, str | bool] = {
 categories: list[str] = ["general", "web"]
 paging: bool = True
 time_range_support: bool = True
+language_support = True
 safesearch: bool = True
 """DDG-lite: user can't select but the results are filtered."""

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ about = {
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "JSON (site requires js to get images)",
 }
+language_support = True

 # engine dependent config
 categories = []
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ about = {
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "JSON",
 }
+language_support = True

 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["weather"]
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""DuckDuckGo Web (general)
+
+This implementation fetches the link to the first API page
+(i.e. ``links.duckduckgo.com/d.js?...``) from duckduckgo.com and uses the ``n``
+parameter of the API to fetch all subsequent pages.
+
+This also means that it's not possible to immediately search for the third
+page - the first and the second page would need to be loaded first.
+
+The reason why we can't just normally use the `vqd` value is that the API URLs
+require an additional parameter `dp` which seems generated at server-side, so we
+can't build it ourselves and must scrape it from the HTML pages.
+"""
+
+import typing as t
+
+from urllib.parse import quote_plus
+from lxml import html
+
+from searx.utils import html_to_text, gen_useragent, extract_text, eval_xpath
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
+from searx.network import get
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://duckduckgo.com/",
+    "wikidata_id": "Q12805",
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "JSON",
+}
+
+# engine dependent config
+categories = ["general"]
+paging = True
+_HTTP_User_Agent: str = gen_useragent()
+
+base_url = "https://duckduckgo.com"
+
+CACHE: EngineCache
+"""Cache to store the API URLs for combinations of (query, page)."""
+
+
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, str]):
+    global CACHE  # pylint:disable=global-statement
+    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
+    return CACHE
+
+
+def _fetch_first_page_link(
+    query: str,
+    headers: dict[str, str],
+):
+    """Search for a::
+
+        <link id="deep_preload_link" rel="preload" as="script"
+              href="https://links.duckduckgo.com/d.js?q=rust&t=D&l=us-en&s=0&a=h_&ct=DE&vqd=VQD_VALUE&bing_market=en-US&p_ent=&ex=-1&dp=LONG_TOKEN
+        >
+
+    This points to the first page
+    """  # pylint:disable=line-too-long
+
+    cache_key = _cache_key(query, 1)
+    cached: str | None = CACHE.get(cache_key)
+    if cached:
+        return cached
+
+    resp = get(
+        url=f"{base_url}/?q={quote_plus(query)}&t=h_&ia=web",
+        headers=headers,
+        timeout=2,
+    )
+
+    if resp.status_code != 200:
+        logger.error("vqd: got HTTP %s from duckduckgo.com", resp.status_code)
+
+    dom = html.fromstring(resp.text)
+    first_page_link = extract_text(eval_xpath(dom, "//link[@id='deep_preload_link']/@href"))
+
+    if not first_page_link:
+        logger.error("vqd: failed to load first page JS url from ddg response (return empty string)")
+        return ""
+
+    logger.debug("got link to first page from duckduckgo.com request: '%s'", first_page_link)
+    CACHE.set(cache_key, first_page_link, expire=7200)
+
+    return first_page_link
+
+
+def _cache_key(query: str, pageno: int) -> str:
+    return f"nextpage_url|{query}|{pageno}"
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+
+    if len(query) >= 500:
+        # DDG does not accept queries with more than 499 chars
+        params["url"] = None
+        return
+
+    headers = params["headers"]
+
+    # The vqd value is generated from the query and the UA header.  To be able
+    # to reuse the vqd value, the UA header must be static.
+    headers["User-Agent"] = _HTTP_User_Agent
+    headers["Accept"] = "*/*"
+    headers["Referer"] = f"{base_url}/"
+    headers["Host"] = "duckduckgo.com"
+
+    # Sec-Fetch headers are required to not get blocked when sending a Firefox user agent
+    headers["Sec-Fetch-Dest"] = "script"
+    headers["Sec-Fetch-Mode"] = "no-cors"
+    headers["Sec-Fetch-Site"] = "same-site"
+
+    api_url = ""
+    if params["pageno"] > 1:
+        api_url = CACHE.get(_cache_key(query, params["pageno"]))
+    else:
+        api_url = _fetch_first_page_link(query, headers)
+
+    if not api_url:
+        params["url"] = None
+        return
+
+    params["url"] = api_url.replace("/d.js?", "/d.js?o=json&")
+
+    # TODO: support safesearch, timerange and engine traits  # pylint:disable=fixme
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
+    res = EngineResults()
+    res_json = resp.json()
+
+    for result in res_json["results"]:
+        if "u" not in result:
+            continue
+
+        res.add(
+            res.types.MainResult(url=result["u"], title=html_to_text(result["t"]), content=html_to_text(result["a"]))
+        )
+
+    # link to next page
+    next_page_path = res_json["results"][-1].get("n")
+    if next_page_path:
+        CACHE.set(
+            _cache_key(resp.search_params["query"], resp.search_params["pageno"] + 1),
+            base_url + next_page_path,
+            expire=60 * 60,
+        )
+
+    return res
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": 'HTML',
-    "language": 'de',
 }
+language = "de"

 categories = ['dictionaries']
 paging = True
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ about = {
    'official_api_documentation': 'https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/search-search.html',
    'use_official_api': True,
    'require_api_key': False,
-    'format': 'JSON',
+    "results": "JSON",
 }

 base_url = 'http://localhost:9200'
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""Fireball_ is a Germany-based, privacy-focused search engine.
+
+It likely doesn't have its own index, but it's unclear where its results come
+from.
+
+.. _Fireball: https://fireball.com
+"""
+
+import typing as t
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
+from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
+from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.network import post
+from searx.utils import html_to_text
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://fireball.com",
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "JSON",
+}
+
+base_url = "https://fireball.com"
+categories = ["general"]
+fireball_category = "web"  # values: "web", "news", "videos"
+
+paging = False
+safesearch = True
+
+safe_search_map = {0: "off", 1: "moderate", 2: "strict"}
+
+CACHE: EngineCache
+"""Cache to store the settings cookie (contains e.g. language, safesearch, ...)."""
+
+CACHE_VALID_DURATION = 30 * 24 * 3600  # one month, same as website
+"""Duration how long settings cookies are valid."""
+
+
+def init(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]):
+    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
+
+    if fireball_category not in ("web", "news", "videos"):
+        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported category: {fireball_category}")
+
+
+def _cache_key(fireball_settings: dict[str, str]) -> str:
+    return f"fireball_settings_{fireball_settings['safesearch']}_{fireball_settings['market']}"
+
+
+def _get_search_settings_cookie(params: 'OnlineParams') -> str:
+    """Get a 'fireball' cookie for the given locale and safesearch setting set
+    in params."""
+
+    # the language is set by only specifying the search country on their
+    # website, they only list DE and US, but in fact it supports much more
+    # countries
+    country = "US"
+    if params["searxng_locale"] != "all":
+        language_parts = params["searxng_locale"].split("-")
+        country = language_parts[-1].upper()
+
+    fireball_settings = {
+        "action": "save",
+        "language": "en",  # language is irrelevant, only changes UI language
+        "market": country,
+        "adprovider": "automatic",
+        "target": "_blank",
+        "tiles": "on",
+        "safesearch": safe_search_map[params["safesearch"]],
+    }
+    cache_key = _cache_key(fireball_settings)
+
+    cached_cookie = CACHE.get(cache_key)
+    if cached_cookie:
+        return cached_cookie
+
+    resp = post("https://fireball.com/settings", data=fireball_settings)
+    if not resp.ok:
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain cookie for settings")
+
+    cookie = resp.cookies.get("fireball")
+    if not cookie:
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain cookie for settings")
+
+    CACHE.set(cache_key, cookie, expire=CACHE_VALID_DURATION)
+    return cookie
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
+    # no matter the category, the request is always the same, i.e. we get all
+    # different categories with one HTTP request
+
+    args = {
+        "f": "web",
+        "q": query,
+    }
+
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/getResults/?{urlencode(args)}"
+    params["cookies"]["fireball"] = _get_search_settings_cookie(params)
+
+    # referer header has to be set, otherwise the requests get blocked
+    params["headers"]["Referer"] = f"{base_url}/search?{urlencode(args)}"
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    json_data = resp.json()
+
+    for result in json_data.get(fireball_category, {}).get("results", []):
+        published_date = None
+        if result.get("page_age"):
+            published_date = datetime.fromisoformat(result["page_age"])
+
+        if fireball_category == "web":
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=result["url"],
+                    title=html_to_text(result["title"]),
+                    content=html_to_text(result["description"]),
+                    publishedDate=published_date,
+                )
+            )
+        elif fireball_category == "news":
+            thumbnail: str | None = None
+            if result.get("thumbnail"):
+                thumbnail = result["thumbnail"]["src"]
+
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=result["url"],
+                    title=html_to_text(result["title"]),
+                    content=html_to_text(result["description"]),
+                    thumbnail=thumbnail or "",
+                    publishedDate=published_date,
+                )
+            )
+        elif fireball_category == "videos":
+            length = None
+            if result.get("video"):
+                length = result["video"].get("duration")
+
+            res.add(
+                res.types.LegacyResult(
+                    {
+                        "template": "videos.html",
+                        "url": result["url"],
+                        "title": html_to_text(result["title"]),
+                        "content": html_to_text(result["description"]),
+                        "thumbnail": result.get("thumbnail", {}).get("original"),
+                        "length": length,
+                        "publishedDate": published_date,
+                    }
+                )
+            )
+
+    return res
@@ -53,13 +53,17 @@ def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):

    result: dict[str, str]  # TBH: dict[str, t.Any]
    for result in resp.json()["items"]:
+        tags = [
+            tag_info["tag"] for tag_info in result["tags"] if tag_info["tag"]  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+        ]
        res.add(
            res.types.Image(
                title=result["name"],
-                content=", ".join([tag["tag"] for tag in result["tags"]]),  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+                content=", ".join(tags),
                url=_fix_url(result["slug"]),
                thumbnail_src=_fix_url(result["png"]),
                img_src=_fix_url(result["png512"]),
+                img_format="PNG",
                author=result["team_name"],
            )
        )
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ about = {
    'official_api_documentation': None,
    'require_api_key': False,
    'results': 'HTML',
-    'language': 'de',
 }
+language = "de"
 paging = True
 categories = ['shopping']

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ max_page = 50
 .. _Google max 50 pages: https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/2982
 """
 time_range_support = True
+language_support = True
 safesearch = True

 time_range_dict = {"day": "d", "week": "w", "month": "m", "year": "y"}
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ max_page = 50
 """

 time_range_support = True
+language_support = True
 safesearch = True

 filter_mapping = {0: 'images', 1: 'active', 2: 'active'}
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ about = {
 categories = ["news"]
 paging = False
 time_range_support = False
+language_support = True

 # Google-News results are always *SafeSearch*. Option 'safesearch' is set to
 # False here.
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""Heexy_ is a minimalist search engine that focuses on privacy.
+
+Although it also supports news and videos, these are not implemented here
+because they usually return no result to very few irrelevant ones.
+
+It seems to use Bing internally, as the image thumbnails are loaded from Bing.
+
+.. _Heexy: https://docs.heexy.org/introduction
+
+"""
+
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+import typing as t
+
+from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAccessDeniedException
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://heexy.org",
+    "wikidata_id": None,
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "JSON",
+}
+
+paging = True
+safesearch = True
+
+categories = ["general"]
+heexy_categ = "web"
+"""Category to search in. Can be either "web" or "image"."""
+
+
+base_url = "https://seapi.heexy.org"
+safe_search_map = {0: "off", 1: "on", 2: "on"}
+
+
+def init(_):
+    if heexy_categ not in ("web", "image"):
+        raise ValueError("invalid search category: %s" % heexy_categ)
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+    args = {
+        "q": query,
+        "page": params["pageno"],
+        "safe": safe_search_map[params["safesearch"]],
+    }
+    if params["searxng_locale"] != "all":
+        args["lang"] = params["searxng_locale"].split("-")[0]
+
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/search/{heexy_categ}?{urlencode(args)}"
+    params["headers"]["Origin"] = base_url
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    json_resp = resp.json()
+    if not json_resp["success"]:
+        raise SearxEngineAccessDeniedException()
+
+    result: dict[str, str]
+    for result in json_resp["results"]:
+        if heexy_categ == "web":
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=result["url"],
+                    title=result["title"],
+                    content=result["description"],
+                )
+            )
+        elif heexy_categ == "image":
+            res.add(
+                res.types.Image(
+                    title=result["description"],
+                    url=result["url"],
+                    thumbnail_src=result["image"],
+                    img_src=result["rawImage"],
+                )
+            )
+
+    return res
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": True,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "JSON",
-    "language": "it",
 }
+language = "it"


 def request(query, params):
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": 'HTML',
-    "language": 'fr',
 }
+language = "fr"

 # engine dependent config
 categories = ['videos']
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "JSON",
-    "language": "zh",
 }

+language = "zh"
 paging = True
 time_range_support = True
 categories = ["videos"]
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": True,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": 'JSON',
-    "language": 'ja',
 }
+language = "ja"

 categories = ['dictionaries']
 paging = False
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ def get_infobox(alt_forms, result_url, definitions):
    # definitions
    infobox_content.append(
        '''
-        <small><a href="https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/JMdict-EDICT_Dictionary_Project">JMdict</a> 
-        and <a href="https://www.edrdg.org/enamdict/enamdict_doc.html">JMnedict</a> 
+        <small><a href="https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/JMdict-EDICT_Dictionary_Project">JMdict</a>
+        and <a href="https://www.edrdg.org/enamdict/enamdict_doc.html">JMnedict</a>
        by <a href="https://www.edrdg.org/edrdg/licence.html">EDRDG</a>, CC BY-SA 3.0.</small>
        <ul>
    '''
@@ -79,6 +79,9 @@ from json import loads
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from searx.utils import to_string, html_to_text
 from searx.network import raise_for_httperror
+from searx.enginelib import EngineAbout
+
+about = EngineAbout()

 search_url = None
 """
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""Kagi_ is a paid, privacy-focused search engine.
+
+Using it requires an API key. If you have a Kagi account, you can obtain an API
+key in the `API portal`_.
+
+To enable Kagi, add the following to the ``engines`` seciton of
+``settings.yml``:
+
+.. code:: yaml
+
+  - name: kagi
+    engine: kagi
+    categories: [general, web]
+    shortcut: kg
+    api_key: ""
+    kagi_categ: search
+
+  - name: kagi.news
+    engine: kagi
+    categories: [news, web]
+    shortcut: kgn
+    api_key: ""
+    kagi_categ: news
+
+  - name: kagi.images
+    engine: kagi
+    categories: [images, web]
+    shortcut: kgi
+    paging: false
+    api_key: ""
+    kagi_categ: images
+
+  - name: kagi.videos
+    engine: kagi
+    categories: [videos, web]
+    shortcut: kgv
+    api_key: ""
+    kagi_categ: videos
+
+.. _Kagi: https://kagi.com
+.. _Api Portal: https://help.kagi.com/kagi/api/overview.html
+"""
+
+
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+
+import typing as t
+import html
+
+from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import parse_duration_string
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+TimeRangeType = t.Literal["day", "week", "month", "year"]
+about = {
+    "website": "https://kagi.com",
+    "wikidata_id": "Q26000117",
+    "official_api_documentation": "https://kagi.com/api/docs/openapi",
+    "use_official_api": True,
+    "require_api_key": True,
+    "results": "JSON",
+}
+
+paging = True
+"""All categories except the ``images`` category support paging."""
+safesearch = True
+time_range_support = True
+
+categories = ["general"]
+kagi_categ: t.Literal["search", "images", "news", "videos"] = "search"
+"""Search category. Supported values: "search" (general), "images", "news", "videos"."""
+
+base_url = "https://kagi.com"
+
+safe_search_map = {0: False, 1: True, 2: True}
+time_range_to_days_map: dict[TimeRangeType, int] = {"day": 1, "week": 7, "month": 30, "year": 365}
+
+api_key = ""
+"""Kagi API key. Required for using this engine."""
+
+
+def init(_):
+    if not api_key:
+        raise ValueError("api_key is required for using kagi")
+
+    if kagi_categ not in ("search", "images", "news", "videos"):
+        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported category: {kagi_categ}")  # pyright: ignore[reportUnreachable]
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
+    # According to the API docs, Kagi supports at maximum page 10
+    if params["pageno"] > 10:
+        return
+
+    params["headers"]["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {api_key}"
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/api/v1/search"
+
+    filters = {}
+    time_range = params.get("time_range")
+    if time_range:
+        # Kagi expects the minimum date to return results from as argument to `after`
+        time_period = timedelta(days=time_range_to_days_map[time_range])
+        oldest_result_date = datetime.now() - time_period
+        filters["after"] = oldest_result_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
+
+    # there doesn't seem to be a list of languages anywhere,
+    # so we just assume that it supports all languages
+
+    filters["region"] = "no_region"
+    if params["searxng_locale"] != "all":
+        _locale = params["searxng_locale"].split("-")
+        if len(_locale) > 1:
+            filters["region"] = _locale[-1].lower()
+
+    args: dict[str, t.Any] = {
+        "query": query,
+        "page": params["pageno"],
+        "workflow": kagi_categ,
+        "safe_search": safe_search_map[params["safesearch"]],
+        "filters": filters,
+    }
+
+    params["method"] = "POST"
+    params["json"] = args
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    json_data: dict[str, t.Any] = resp.json()
+
+    if kagi_categ in ("images", "videos"):
+        # the JSON key is "image" for "images" and "video" for "videos"
+        json_results = json_data["data"][kagi_categ[:-1]]
+    else:
+        json_results = json_data["data"][kagi_categ]
+
+    for result in json_results:
+        published_date: datetime | None = None
+        if result.get("time"):
+            published_date = datetime.fromisoformat(result["time"])
+
+        if kagi_categ in ("search", "news"):
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=result["url"],
+                    title=html.unescape(result["title"]),
+                    content=html.unescape(result["snippet"]),
+                    thumbnail=result.get("image", {}).get("url") or "",
+                    publishedDate=published_date,
+                )
+            )
+        elif kagi_categ == "images":
+            res.add(
+                res.types.Image(
+                    url=result["url"],
+                    title=html.unescape(result.get("title")),
+                    img_src=result.get("image", {}).get("url"),
+                    resolution=f"{result['image']['width']}x{result['image']['height']}",
+                    thumbnail_src=result.get("props", {}).get("thumbnail", {}).get("url"),
+                )
+            )
+        elif kagi_categ == "videos":
+            length: timedelta | None = None
+            if result["props"].get("duration"):
+                length = parse_duration_string(result["props"]["duration"])
+
+            res.add(
+                res.types.LegacyResult(
+                    {
+                        "template": "videos.html",
+                        "url": result["url"],
+                        "title": html.unescape(result["title"]),
+                        "content": html.unescape(result["snippet"]),
+                        "thumbnail": result.get("image", {}).get("url"),
+                        "publishedDate": published_date,
+                        "author": result["props"].get("creator_name"),
+                        "length": length,
+                    }
+                )
+            )
+
+    for suggestion in json_data["data"].get("related_search", []):
+        res.add(res.types.LegacyResult({"suggestion": suggestion["title"]}))
+
+    return res
@@ -1,205 +0,0 @@
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
-"""Karmasearch uses Brave's index, so the results should be the same as Brave's.
-
-However, the advantages of this engine are:
-
- it has less strict rate-limits
- it has a JSON API, so it's less likely to break
-"""
-
-from datetime import datetime
-from urllib.parse import urlencode
-import typing as t
-
-from dateutil import parser
-
-from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
-
-from searx.utils import html_to_text
-from searx.result_types import EngineResults, MainResult
-from searx.result_types._base import LegacyResult
-
-
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
-    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
-
-about = {
-    "website": "https://karmasearch.org",
-    "official_api_documentation": None,
-    "use_official_api": False,
-    "require_api_key": False,
-    "results": "JSON",
-}
-
-base_url = "https://api.karmasearch.org"
-categories = ["web", "general"]
-search_type = "web"  # supported: web, images, videos, news
-
-# all types except "images" support pagination
-paging = True
-safesearch = True
-time_range_support = True
-
-safe_search_map = {0: "off", 1: "moderate", 2: "strict"}
-time_range_map = {"day": "Day", "week": "Week", "month": "Month", "year": "Year"}
-
-
-def init(_):
-    if search_type not in ("web", "images", "videos", "news"):
-        raise ValueError(f"invalid search type: {search_type}")
-
-
-def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
-    engine_region: str = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"]) or "en-US"
-
-    args: dict[str, str | int] = {
-        "searchTerm": query,
-        "adultFilter": safe_search_map[params["safesearch"]],
-        "pageNumber": params["pageno"],
-        "country": engine_region.split("-")[-1],
-        "userLanguage": "en",  # UI language: en, es or fr / no effect on search results
-        "market": engine_region,
-    }
-    if params["time_range"]:
-        args["freshness"] = time_range_map[params["time_range"]]
-
-    # Needed to circumvent Cloudflare bot protection
-    params['headers']['Referer'] = "https://karmasearch.org"
-
-    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/search/{search_type}?{urlencode(args)}"
-
-
-def _parse_date(date_string: str) -> datetime | None:
-    try:
-        return parser.parse(date_string)
-    except parser.ParserError:
-        return None
-
-
-def _parse_general(result: dict[str, str]):
-    return MainResult(
-        url=result["url"],
-        title=result["title"],
-        content=html_to_text(result["description"]),
-        thumbnail=result.get("thumbnail", ""),
-    )
-
-
-def _parse_news(result: dict[str, str]) -> LegacyResult:
-    return LegacyResult(
-        {
-            "url": result["url"],
-            "title": result["title"],
-            "content": html_to_text(result["description"]),
-            "thumbnail": result.get("thumbnail"),
-            "publishedDate": _parse_date(result.get("age", "")),
-        }
-    )
-
-
-def _parse_videos(result: dict[str, t.Any]) -> LegacyResult:
-    return LegacyResult(
-        {
-            "template": "videos.html",
-            "url": result["url"],
-            "title": result["title"],
-            "content": html_to_text(result["description"]),
-            "thumbnail": result.get("thumbnail"),
-            "publishedDate": _parse_date(result.get("age", "")),
-            "length": result.get("video", {}).get("duration"),
-        }
-    )
-
-
-def _parse_images(result: dict[str, t.Any]) -> LegacyResult:
-    return LegacyResult(
-        {
-            "template": "images.html",
-            "url": result["url"],
-            "title": result["title"],
-            "content": "",
-            "img_src": result.get("properties", {}).get("url"),
-            "thumbnail_src": result.get("thumbnail", {}).get("src"),
-        }
-    )
-
-
-def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
-    res = EngineResults()
-
-    json_resp: dict[str, t.Any] = resp.json()
-    if not isinstance(json_resp, dict):
-        return res  # pyright: ignore[reportUnreachable]
-
-    for result in json_resp["results"]:
-        # hide sponsored results
-        if result.get("sponsored", False):
-            continue
-
-        if "videos" in result:
-            for videos_result in result["videos"]:
-                res.add(_parse_videos(videos_result))
-            continue
-
-        if "news" in result:
-            for news_result in result["news"]:
-                res.add(_parse_news(news_result))
-            continue
-
-        if search_type == "news":
-            res.add(_parse_news(result))
-        elif search_type == "videos":
-            res.add(_parse_videos(result))
-        elif search_type == "images":
-            res.add(_parse_images(result))
-        else:
-            res.add(_parse_general(result))
-
-    return res
-
-
-def fetch_traits(engine_traits: EngineTraits):
-    """Fetch :ref:`languages <brave languages>` and :ref:`regions <brave
-    regions>` from Brave."""
-
-    # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel, too-many-branches
-
-    from lxml import html
-    import babel
-
-    from searx.locales import region_tag
-    from searx.network import get  # see https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/762
-
-    # from searx.engines.xpath import extract_text
-    from searx.utils import gen_useragent
-
-    headers = {
-        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
-        "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
-        "DNT": "1",
-        "Connection": "keep-alive",
-        "Accept-Language": "en,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3",
-        "User-Agent": gen_useragent(),
-    }
-
-    resp = get("https://karmasearch.org/settings", headers=headers, timeout=5)
-    if not resp.ok:
-        raise RuntimeError("Response from Brave languages is not OK.")
-
-    dom = html.fromstring(resp.text)
-    for option in dom.xpath("//select[@name='country']/option"):
-        country_tag: str = option.get("value", "")
-        try:
-            sxng_tag = region_tag(babel.Locale.parse(country_tag, sep="-"))
-        except babel.UnknownLocaleError:
-            # silently ignore unknown languages
-            continue
-        # print("%-20s: %s <-- %s" % (extract_text(option), country_tag, sxng_tag))
-
-        conflict = engine_traits.regions.get(sxng_tag)
-        if conflict:
-            if conflict != country_tag:
-                print("CONFLICT: babel %s --> %s, %s" % (sxng_tag, conflict, country_tag))
-            continue
-        engine_traits.regions[sxng_tag] = country_tag
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""Luxxle_ is an American search engine focusing on providing "unbiased"
+results.
+
+.. _Luxxle: https://luxxle.com
+"""
+
+from json import dumps
+from urllib.parse import quote_plus, unquote_plus
+
+import typing as t
+from lxml import html
+
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.network import get
+from searx.utils import (
+    extr,
+    gen_useragent,
+    eval_xpath_list,
+    extract_text,
+    eval_xpath,
+    parse_duration_string,
+    ElementType,
+)
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://luxxle.com",
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "HTML",
+}
+
+categories = []
+safeseach = True
+
+base_url = "https://luxxle.com"
+
+luxxle_categ = "search"
+"""Supported categories: "search", "news", "images", "videos"."""
+
+# otherwise all requests get blocked (http2-fingerprinted probably)
+enable_http2 = False
+
+
+safe_search_map = {0: "Off", 1: "Moderate", 2: "Strict"}
+
+
+def init(_):
+    if luxxle_categ not in ("search", "images", "videos", "news"):
+        raise ValueError("invalid luxxle category: %s" % luxxle_categ)
+
+
+def _obtain_telemetry_data(query: str) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """This data is required for sending search queries.
+
+    The luxsearch page (for general results) has a JS dict called ``telemetryData``
+    that contains all the important info, but the others don't, so we don't use it
+    here. But it's useful to understand which info is needed.
+
+    .. code-block:: javascript
+
+        var telemetryData = {
+            errorInformation: errorInformation,
+            query: "youapps club",
+            ip: "10.10.10.10",
+            timeOf: "1781119224",
+            authorization: "db889e0ae67d3c320858ad97f51cc4f0a4d8e1913c4f5ebe5d2eafef606521dd",
+        };
+
+    This data is only valid for very short times
+    """
+    resp = get(
+        f"{base_url}/lux{luxxle_categ}?q={quote_plus(query)}", headers={"User-Agent": gen_useragent(), "Sec-GPC": "1"}
+    )
+
+    def extr_js_variable(name: str) -> str:
+        val = extr(resp.text, f"var {name} = \"", "\";")
+        if not val:
+            val = extr(resp.text, f"var {name} = '", "';")
+        return val
+
+    return {
+        "ip": extr_js_variable("ip"),
+        "timeOf": extr_js_variable("timeOf"),
+        "authorization": extr_js_variable("authorization"),
+        "preferencesCookie": extr_js_variable("preferencesCookie"),
+    }
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+    telemetry_data = _obtain_telemetry_data(query)
+
+    market = params["searxng_locale"]
+    if market == "all":
+        market = "en-US"
+
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/load_{luxxle_categ}.php"
+    search_data = {
+        **telemetry_data,
+        "query": query,
+        "market": market,
+        "safeSearch": safe_search_map[params["safesearch"]],
+        "freshness": "",
+        "language": "english",  # UI language
+    }
+    if luxxle_categ == "images":
+        # for some reason this is sent as form data
+        params["data"] = {"searchData": dumps(search_data)}
+    else:
+        params["json"] = {"searchData": search_data}
+    params["method"] = "POST"
+
+
+def _extract_url_from_redirect(url: str):
+    # urls usually look like "/redirect?url=<url>"
+    query_start_idx = url.find("?url=")
+    if query_start_idx < 0:
+        return url
+
+    url_start_idx = query_start_idx + len("?url=")
+    return unquote_plus(url[url_start_idx:])
+
+
+def _general_results(doc: ElementType, res: EngineResults):
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[@id='mainResults']/div[contains(@class, 'resultsContainer')]"):
+        res.add(
+            res.types.MainResult(
+                url=_extract_url_from_redirect(
+                    extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./div[contains(@class, 'urlAddressLink')]/a/@href")) or ""
+                ),
+                title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./div[contains(@class, 'urlname')]")) or "",
+                content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./div[contains(@class, 'urlSnippet')]")) or "",
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def _news_results(doc: ElementType, res: EngineResults):
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(
+        doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'newsResults')]/div[contains(@class, 'mediaResultNewsPage')]"
+    ):
+        res.add(
+            res.types.MainResult(
+                url=_extract_url_from_redirect(
+                    extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'mediaResultNewsPageTitle')]/a/@href"))
+                    or ""
+                ),
+                title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'mediaResultNewsPageTitle')]/a")) or "",
+                content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'mediaResultNewsPageDescription')]"))
+                or "",
+                thumbnail=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'mediaResultThumbnail')]//img/@src"))
+                or "",
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def _video_results(doc: ElementType, res: EngineResults):
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[@id='mainResults']/div[contains(@class, 'mediaResult')]"):
+        res.add(
+            res.types.MainResult(
+                template="videos.html",
+                url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./@data-url")) or "",
+                title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'mediaResultTitleVideo')]/a")) or "",
+                content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'mediaResultDescription')]")) or "",
+                thumbnail=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//img[contains(@class, 'videoThumbnail')]/@src")) or "",
+                author=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'videoCreator')]")) or "",
+                length=parse_duration_string(
+                    extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//span[contains(@class, 'mediaResultDuration')]")) or ""
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def _image_results(doc: ElementType, res: EngineResults):
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'imageResultsWrapper')]/div"):
+        res.add(
+            res.types.Image(
+                url=_extract_url_from_redirect(
+                    extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'imageResultSource')]/@href")) or ""
+                ),
+                title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'imageResultTitle')]")) or "",
+                source=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'imageResultSource')]")) or "",
+                thumbnail_src=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./@data-thumbnail-src")) or "",
+                img_src=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./@data-image-src")) or "",
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    doc = html.fromstring(resp.text)
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    match luxxle_categ:
+        case "search":
+            _general_results(doc, res)
+        case "images":
+            _image_results(doc, res)
+        case "videos":
+            _video_results(doc, res)
+        case "news":
+            _news_results(doc, res)
+        case _:
+            raise ValueError("unsupported category: %s" % luxxle_categ)
+
+    return res
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": True,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": 'JSON',
-    "language": "de",
 }

+language = "de"
 categories = ['videos']
 paging = True
 time_range_support = False
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ about = {
 }
 paging = True  # paging is only supported for general search
 safesearch = True
+language_support = True
 time_range_support = True  # time range search is supported for general and news
 max_page = 10

@@ -35,8 +35,9 @@ about = {
    'use_official_api': False,
    'require_api_key': False,
    'results': 'JSON',
-    'language': 'de',
 }
+language = "de"
+
 paging = True
 categories = ["movies"]

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "HTML",
-    "language": "ko",
 }
+language = "ko"

 categories = []
 paging = True
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "HTML",
-    "language": "ja",
 }
+language = "ja"

 categories = ["videos"]
 paging = True
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 .. _Odysee: https://github.com/OdyseeTeam/odysee-frontend
 """

-import time
 from datetime import datetime
 from urllib.parse import urlencode

@@ -12,6 +11,7 @@ import babel

 from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
 from searx.locales import language_tag
+from searx.utils import format_duration

 # Engine metadata
 about = {
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ about = {
 # Engine configuration
 paging = True
 time_range_support = True
+language_support = True
 results_per_page = 20
 categories = ["videos"]

@@ -61,15 +62,6 @@ def request(query, params):
    return params


-# Format the video duration
-def format_duration(duration):
-    seconds = int(duration)
-    length = time.gmtime(seconds)
-    if length.tm_hour:
-        return time.strftime("%H:%M:%S", length)
-    return time.strftime("%M:%S", length)
-
-
 def response(resp):
    data = resp.json()
    results = []
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ about = {
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "JSON",
 }
+language_support = True

 # engine dependent config
 categories = ["videos"]
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ search_string = 'api/?{query}&limit={limit}'
 result_base_url = 'https://openstreetmap.org/{osm_type}/{osm_id}'

 # list of supported languages
-supported_languages = ['de', 'en', 'fr', 'it']
+photon_supported_languages = ["de", "en", "fr", "it"]


 # do search-request
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def request(query, params):

    if params['language'] != 'all':
        language = params['language'].split('_')[0]
-        if language in supported_languages:
+        if language in photon_supported_languages:
            params['url'] = params['url'] + "&lang=" + language

    # using SearXNG User-Agent
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""Podchaser (podcasts)"""
+
+import typing as t
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://www.podchaser.com",
+    "official_api_documentation": "https://www.podchaser.com/api",
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "JSON",
+}
+categories = []
+paging = True
+
+base_url = "https://api.podchaser.com"
+page_size = 25
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+    args = {
+        "filters[term]": query,
+        "limit": page_size,
+        "offset": (params["pageno"] - 1) * page_size,
+        "sort_direction": "desc",
+        "sort_order": "SORT_ORDER_RELEVANCE",
+    }
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/podcasts?{urlencode(args)}"
+    params["headers"]["Accept"] = "application/prs.podchaser.v2+json"
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response"):
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    json_results: list[dict[str, str]] = resp.json()["entities"]  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+
+    for result in json_results:
+        metadata = [f"{result['number_of_episodes']} episodes"]
+        if result["categories"]:
+            metadata.append(", ".join(c["text"] for c in result["categories"]))  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+
+        res.add(
+            res.types.MainResult(
+                url=result["feed_url"],
+                title=result["title"],
+                content=result["description"],
+                thumbnail=result["image_url"],
+                publishedDate=datetime.strptime(result["created_at"], "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
+                metadata=" | ".join(metadata),
+            )
+        )
+
+    return res
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ from searx.utils import gen_useragent, html_to_text, parse_duration_string

 about = {
    "website": "https://presearch.io",
-    "wikidiata_id": "Q7240905",
+    "wikidata_id": "Q7240905",
    "official_api_documentation": "https://docs.presearch.io/nodes/api",
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""Privacywall_ claims to be a "privacy-friendly" search engine,
+but according to a `Privacyguides discussion`_ it's sharing private
+user information with Microsoft and Amazon.
+
+.. _Privacywall : https://www.privacywall.org
+.. _`Privacyguides discussion` : https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/how-is-privacy-wall-search-engine/29486
+"""
+
+import typing as t
+from urllib.parse import urlencode, unquote_plus
+
+from lxml import html
+import babel
+
+from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
+from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text, get_embeded_stream_url, extr
+from searx.locales import region_tag
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from lxml.etree import ElementBase
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://privacywall.org",
+    "wikidata_id": None,
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "HTML",
+}
+
+paging = True
+safesearch = True
+time_range_support = True
+
+base_url = "https://www.privacywall.org"
+privacywall_category = "general"
+"""Supported categories are ``general``, ``videos`` and ``images``."""
+
+
+# corresponds to the "k" query param
+safesearch_map = {0: "off", 1: "on", 2: "on"}
+
+# page number sent for videos (is independent of the query) - certainly there's
+# a pattern in this, but for our use case it's enough to just support the first
+# 10 pages by hardcoding the page "numbers"
+video_page_map = {
+    2: "CAoQAA",
+    3: "CBQQAA",
+    4: "CB4QAA",
+    5: "CCgQAA",
+    6: "CDIQAA",
+    7: "CDwQAA",
+    8: "CEYQAA",
+    9: "CFAQAA",
+    10: "CFoQAA",
+}
+
+
+def init(_):
+    if privacywall_category not in ("general", "images", "videos"):
+        raise ValueError("invalid category: %s" % privacywall_category)
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+    if params["pageno"] > 10:
+        params["url"] = None
+        return
+
+    args = {"q": query, "safesearch": safesearch_map[params["safesearch"]]}
+    if params["searxng_locale"] != "all":
+        args["cc"] = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"]) or "US"
+    if params["time_range"]:
+        # time range uses the same "day", "week", "month", "year" naming scheme as SearXNG
+        args["time"] = params["time_range"]
+
+    if params["pageno"] > 1:
+        if privacywall_category == "images":
+            args["page"] = str(params["pageno"])
+        elif privacywall_category == "videos":
+            args["page"] = video_page_map[params["pageno"]]
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("general engine does not support pagination")
+
+    if privacywall_category == "general":
+        params["url"] = f"{base_url}/search/secure/?{urlencode(args)}"
+    else:
+        params["url"] = f"{base_url}/{privacywall_category}/?{urlencode(args)}"
+
+
+def _general_results(doc: "ElementBase") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[@id='pw-results-main']/div[contains(@class, 'result-card')]"):
+        (
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'result-url-anchor')]/@href")) or "",
+                    title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'result_title')]")) or "",
+                    content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'result-description')]")) or "",
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+    return res
+
+
+def _extract_thumbnail_url(url: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Get the URL from strings like "/videos/video.php?id=<urlencoded-urlhere>".
+    """
+    url_start = url.find("?id=") + len("?id=")
+    thumbnail = unquote_plus(url[url_start:])
+    return thumbnail
+
+
+def _image_results(doc: "ElementBase") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[@id='container']/div[contains(@class, 'imgcontainer')]"):
+        (
+            res.add(
+                res.types.Image(
+                    url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./a/@href")) or "",
+                    content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./a/@alt")) or "",
+                    thumbnail_src=_extract_thumbnail_url(extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//img/@src")) or ""),
+                    source=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'image-source-badge')]")) or "",
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+    return res
+
+
+def _video_results(doc: "ElementBase") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(
+        doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'video-container')]/div[contains(@class, 'video-card')]"
+    ):
+        url = extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./a/@href")) or ""
+        if not url:
+            continue
+
+        thumbnail = None
+        # looks like <div style="background-image:url(/videos/video.php?id=<urlencoded-urlhere>);position:relative">
+        thumbnail_style = extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'video-img')]/@style"))
+        if thumbnail_style:
+            thumbnail = _extract_thumbnail_url(extr(thumbnail_style, ":url(", ")"))
+
+        res.add(
+            res.types.LegacyResult(
+                template="videos.html",
+                url=url,
+                title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//h2[contains(@class, 'video-card-title')]")) or "",
+                content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//p")) or "",
+                thumbnail=thumbnail or "",
+                iframe_src=get_embeded_stream_url(url) or "",
+            )
+        )
+
+    return res
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    doc = html.fromstring(resp.text)
+    match privacywall_category:
+        case "general":
+            return _general_results(doc)
+        case "images":
+            return _image_results(doc)
+        case "videos":
+            return _video_results(doc)
+        case _:
+            raise ValueError("invalid category: %s" % privacywall_category)
+
+
+def fetch_traits(engine_traits: EngineTraits) -> None:
+    """Fetch regions from Bing-Web."""
+    # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel
+
+    from searx.network import get  # see https://github.com/searxng/searxng/issues/762
+    from searx.utils import gen_useragent
+
+    headers = {
+        "User-Agent": gen_useragent(),
+    }
+
+    resp = get(base_url, headers=headers)
+    if not resp.ok:
+        raise RuntimeError("Response from Privacywall is not OK.")
+
+    dom = html.fromstring(resp.text)
+
+    # <div class="dropdown-option" onclick="changeMenuLanguage(&quot;CZ&quot;)"></div>
+    for onclick_listener in eval_xpath(
+        dom, "//div[contains(@class, 'lang-menu')]//div[contains(@class, 'dropdown-option')]/@onclick"
+    ):
+        # this is either a normal lang-country tag (e.g. cs-cz) or only a country code (e.g. de, at, ...)
+        country_tag = extr(onclick_listener, "(\"", "\")")
+
+        # the locale tag is only a country tag, so we get languages the from the list of official languages
+        # of the country
+        lang_tag: str
+        for lang_tag in babel.languages.get_official_languages(country_tag, de_facto=True):  # pyright: ignore
+            try:
+                sxng_tag = region_tag(babel.Locale.parse(f"{lang_tag}_{country_tag.upper()}"))
+            except babel.UnknownLocaleError:
+                # silently ignore unknown languages
+                continue
+
+            conflict = engine_traits.regions.get(sxng_tag)
+            if conflict:
+                if conflict != sxng_tag:
+                    print("CONFLICT: babel %s --> %s" % (sxng_tag, conflict))
+                continue
+
+            engine_traits.regions[sxng_tag] = country_tag
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "HTML",
-    "language": "zh",
 }
+language = "zh"

 # Engine Configuration
 categories = []
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@

 """

+import os
 import random
 import socket
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ about = {
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "JSON",
 }
+language_support = True
 paging = True
 categories = ["music", "radio"]

@@ -59,7 +61,19 @@ seconds."""
 def init(_):
    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
    CACHE = EngineCache("radio_browser")
-    server_list()
+
+    # In an environment with competing processes, the initial loading of the
+    # cache is required only once.
+    eng_state: str | None = CACHE.get("eng_state")
+    if not eng_state or not eng_state.startswith("STATE:"):
+        CACHE.set("eng_state", f"STATE: being initialized by PID {os.getpid()}")
+        try:
+            server_list()
+        except Exception:
+            CACHE.set("eng_state", f"ERROR: initialization by PID {os.getpid()} failed.")
+            raise
+    else:
+        logger.debug(eng_state)


 def server_list() -> list[str]:
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""Resulthunter_ is an American search engine with results from Brave.
+
+.. _Resulthunter : https://resulthunter.com
+"""
+
+import typing as t
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from lxml import html
+
+from searx import locales
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text
+
+# as it uses brave internally, it has the same locales and timerange/safesearch types
+from searx.engines.brave import safesearch_map, time_range_map, fetch_traits  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from lxml.etree import ElementBase
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+    from searx.enginelib.traits import EngineTraits
+
+    traits: EngineTraits
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://resulthunter.com",
+    "wikidata_id": None,
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "HTML",
+}
+
+paging = True
+safesearch = True
+time_range_support = True
+
+base_url = "https://resulthunter.com"
+resulthunter_categ = "web"
+"""Supported categories are ``web`` and ``images``."""
+
+
+def init(_):
+    if resulthunter_categ not in ("web", "images"):
+        raise ValueError("invalid category: %s" % resulthunter_categ)
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+    args = {
+        "q": query,
+        "search_type": resulthunter_categ,
+        "offset": params["pageno"] - 1,
+    }
+
+    # uses Brave's engine traits
+    ui_lang = locales.get_engine_locale(params["searxng_locale"], traits.custom["ui_lang"], "all")
+    if ui_lang and ui_lang != "all":
+        args["search_lang"] = ui_lang.split("-")[0]
+
+    engine_region = traits.get_region(params["searxng_locale"], "all")
+    if engine_region and engine_region != "all":
+        args["country"] = engine_region
+
+    if params["time_range"]:
+        args["freshness"] = time_range_map[params["time_range"]]
+
+    params["cookies"]["safesearch"] = safesearch_map[params["safesearch"]]
+
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/search?{urlencode(args)}"
+
+
+def _general_results(doc: "ElementBase") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(
+        doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'organic-results-container')]/div/div[contains(@class, 'group')]"
+    ):
+        url = extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a/@href"))
+        if not url:
+            continue
+        (
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=url,
+                    title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a/h3")) or "",
+                    content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//p")) or "",
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+    return res
+
+
+def _image_results(doc: "ElementBase") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(
+        doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'organic-results-container')]//a[contains(@class, 'group')]"
+    ):
+        (
+            res.add(
+                res.types.Image(
+                    url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./@href")) or "",
+                    title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./img/@alt")) or "",
+                    thumbnail_src=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./img/@src")) or "",
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+    return res
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    doc = html.fromstring(resp.text)
+
+    match resulthunter_categ:
+        case "web":
+            return _general_results(doc)
+        case "images":
+            return _image_results(doc)
+        case _:
+            raise ValueError("invalid resulthunter category: %s" % resulthunter_categ)
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""Search engines by System1 (general).
+
+System1 is an advertising company, and provides all its search engines as a
+subdomain of ``s1search.co``.  As a result, it has more than 1000 subdomains, of
+which some work, and some don't.
+
+Some of the engines get their results from Google, others get them from Yahoo.
+"""
+
+import typing as t
+from urllib.parse import urlencode, urlparse, parse_qs
+
+from lxml import html
+
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
+from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://s1search.co",
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "HTML",
+}
+
+base_url = ""  # alternatively: search.gmx.net
+categories = ["general"]
+
+paging = True
+
+CACHE: EngineCache
+"""Cache to store verification tokens for pagination."""
+
+
+def init(_):
+    if not base_url:
+        raise ValueError("base_url must be set")
+
+
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
+    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
+    return True
+
+
+def _cache_key(query: str, pageno: int) -> str:
+    return f"{query}|{pageno}"
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
+    args = {"q": query, "page": params["pageno"]}
+    if params["pageno"] > 1:
+        sc = CACHE.get(_cache_key(query, params["pageno"]))
+        # sc is required for pagination to avoid rate-limits
+        if not sc:
+            params["url"] = None
+            return
+
+        args["sc"] = sc
+
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/serp?{urlencode(args)}"
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    doc = html.fromstring(resp.text)
+
+    for suggestion in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[@class='aylf-yahoo-bottom' or @class='aylf-yahoo-sidebar']/div"):
+        res.add(res.types.LegacyResult({"suggestion": extract_text(suggestion)}))
+
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(
+        doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'web-yahoo') or contains(@class, 'web-google')]/div[contains(@class, '__result')]"
+    ):
+        res.add(
+            res.types.MainResult(
+                url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'title')]/@href")),
+                title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'title')]")),
+                content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//span[contains(@class, 'description') or @class='']")),
+            )
+        )
+
+    # store pagination keys to be able to access next pages
+    for page_href in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//a[contains(@class, 'pagination__num')]"):
+        # target_url looks like "/serp?q=test&page=2&sc=RVlBPMDPVhWR20"
+        target_url = extract_text(eval_xpath(page_href, "./@href"))
+        target_url = parse_qs(urlparse(target_url).query)
+        pageno = int(target_url["page"][0])
+        sc = target_url["sc"][0]
+        CACHE.set(_cache_key(resp.search_params["query"], pageno), sc)
+
+    return res
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""Seek ninja (general)"""
+
+from json import loads
+from hashlib import sha256
+from urllib.parse import urlencode, quote_plus
+
+import typing as t
+
+from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+from searx.network import get
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import extr, html_to_text
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://seek.ninja",
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "JSON",
+}
+
+safesearch = True
+
+base_url = "https://seek.ninja"
+categories = ["general"]
+
+safe_search_map = {0: "off", 1: "moderate", 2: "strict"}
+
+PowChallenge = dict[str, t.Any]
+
+
+def _get_challenge(query: str) -> PowChallenge:
+    """Extract the challenge parameters (i.e. nonce, difficulty, ...) from the
+    search website."""
+
+    resp = get(f"{base_url}/s?q={quote_plus(query)}")
+    challenge_raw_json = "{" + extr(resp.text, "pow: {", "},") + "}"
+    return loads(challenge_raw_json)
+
+
+def _solve_pow(challenge: PowChallenge) -> list[int]:
+    """Solves a Proof of Work SHA256 challenges. This is a 1:1 port of the
+    site's JS code.
+
+    On a high-level, it tries to ``k`` amount of solutions, where its sha256
+    hash begins with: ``leading`` 0s, i.e.
+
+    .. code: js
+
+       sha256(nonce || solution).startswith("0" * leading)
+    """
+    nonce = challenge["nonce"]
+    k = int(challenge["k"])
+    indifficulty = float(challenge["indifficulty"])
+
+    leading = int(indifficulty)
+    frac = indifficulty - leading
+    prefix = "".join("0" for _ in range(0, leading))
+
+    maxNib = 15 - int(frac * 16) if frac else 15
+
+    solutions: list[int] = []
+    ans = 0
+    while len(solutions) < k:
+        h = sha256(f"{nonce}{ans}".encode()).hexdigest()
+        if h.startswith(prefix) and (not frac or int(h[leading], base=16) <= maxNib):
+            solutions.append(ans)
+        ans += 1
+    return solutions
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: 'OnlineParams') -> None:
+    challenge = _get_challenge(query)
+    solution = _solve_pow(challenge)
+    args = {
+        "q": query,
+        "panswers": ",".join(str(s) for s in solution),
+        "pid": challenge["challengeId"],
+        "adult": safe_search_map[params["safesearch"]],
+    }
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/search-sse?{urlencode(args)}"
+
+
+def response(resp: 'SXNG_Response') -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+    # The response is a stream of server-side events,
+    # so it is split into `event: <type>` and `data: {"results": ...}`
+    # see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Server-sent_events/
+    events = resp.text.split("\n\n")
+    for event in events:
+        event_parts = event.split("\n", maxsplit=2)
+        if len(event_parts) != 2:
+            continue
+
+        event_name, data = event_parts
+        if not event_name.endswith("resultsUpdate"):
+            continue
+
+        json_data = loads(data.removeprefix("data: "))
+        for result in json_data["results"]:
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=result["url"],
+                    title=result["title"],
+                    content=html_to_text(result["blurb"]),
+                )
+            )
+
+    return res
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": 'JSON',
-    'language': 'fr',
 }
+language = "fr"

 categories = ['movies']
 paging = True
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ about = {
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": 'JSON',
 }
+language_support = True

 # engine dependent config
 categories = ['videos']
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "HTML",
-    "language": "cz",
 }
+language = "cz"

 categories = ['general', 'web']
 base_url = 'https://search.seznam.cz/'
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "HTML",
-    "language": "zh",
 }
+language = "zh"

 # Engine Configuration
 categories = ["general"]
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "JSON",
-    "language": "zh",
 }
+language = "zh"

 categories = ["videos"]
 paging = True
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ about = {
    "use_official_api": False,
    "require_api_key": False,
    "results": "HTML",
-    "language": "zh",
 }
+language = "zh"

 # Engine Configuration
 categories = ["news"]
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ max_page = 18
 """Tested 18 pages maximum (argument ``page``), to be save max is set to 20."""

 time_range_support = True
+language_support = True
 safesearch = True

 time_range_dict = {"day": "d", "week": "w", "month": "m", "year": "y"}
@@ -382,6 +383,9 @@ def _get_image_result(result) -> dict[str, t.Any] | None:
        size_str = "".join(filter(str.isdigit, result["filesize"]))
        filesize = humanize_bytes(int(size_str))

+    img_format = result.get("format").upper()
+    if img_format == "UNKNOWN":
+        img_format = ""
    return {
        "template": "images.html",
        "url": url,
@@ -390,7 +394,7 @@ def _get_image_result(result) -> dict[str, t.Any] | None:
        "img_src": result.get("rawImageUrl"),
        "thumbnail_src": thumbnailUrl,
        "resolution": resolution,
-        "img_format": result.get("format"),
+        "img_format": img_format,
        "filesize": filesize,
    }

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+# pylint: disable=invalid-name
+"""Swisscows (general, images, videos)"""
+
+import typing as t
+
+import base64
+import codecs
+import hashlib
+import json
+import random
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from babel.core import get_global
+
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults, LegacyResult  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateLocalImportUsage]
+from searx.utils import humanize_number, html_to_text
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://swisscows.com",
+    "wikidata_id": "Q22937452",
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "JSON",
+}
+
+
+categories = ["general"]
+swisscows_category = "web"  # possible: "web", "videos", "images"
+
+results_per_page = 50
+
+time_range_support = True
+paging = True
+
+base_url = "https://api.swisscows.com"
+
+CAESAR_ALPHABET = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+NONCE_ALPHABET = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-._~"
+
+time_range_map = {"day": "Day", "week": "Week", "month": "Month", "year": "Year"}
+
+# fmt: off
+swisscows_regions: list[str] = [
+    "AR", "AU", "AT", "BE", "BR", "CA", "CL", "CN", "DK", "FI",
+    "FR", "DE", "HK", "HU", "IN", "ID", "IT", "JP", "KR", "LV",
+    "MY", "MX", "NL", "NZ", "NO", "PH", "PL", "PT", "RU", "SA",
+    "ZA", "ES", "SE", "CH", "TW", "TR", "UA", "GB", "US"
+]
+"""Regions supported by swisscows."""
+# fmt: on
+
+# swisscows_languages = [
+#     "GB", "DE", "ES", "FR", "IT", "LV", "HU", "NL", "PT", "RU", "UA"
+# ]
+
+
+def appropriate_locale(searxng_locale: str, regions: list[str], default: str) -> str:
+    """Returns the appropriate swisscows locale for the region or language
+    selected by the user.  If no value is determined, ``default`` is returned
+    """
+    _locale = searxng_locale.split("-")
+
+    if _locale[0] == "all":
+        return default
+
+    if len(_locale) == 1 or _locale[1] in regions:
+        return searxng_locale
+
+    sxng_lang = _locale[0]
+    if sxng_lang.upper() in regions:
+        return f"{sxng_lang}-{sxng_lang.upper()}"
+
+    likely_subtag: str | None = get_global("likely_subtags").get(sxng_lang)
+    if likely_subtag:
+        _tag: list[str] = likely_subtag.split("_")
+        if _tag[-1] in regions:
+            return f"{_tag[0]}-{_tag[-1]}"
+
+    return default
+
+
+def generate_nonce(length: int = 32) -> str:
+    """
+    Generate a random char sequence with the given length.
+    """
+    return "".join([random.choice(NONCE_ALPHABET) for _ in range(length)])
+
+
+def caesar_shift_with_switch_case(s: str, offset: int = 13) -> str:
+    """
+    Caesar shift by :py:obj:`offset` that additionally inverts the casing of all letters
+    (i.e. from lowercase to uppercase and vice versa).
+    """
+    out = ""
+    for c in s:
+        if c.upper() in CAESAR_ALPHABET:
+            alphabet_index = ord(c.upper()) - ord("A")
+            shifted = CAESAR_ALPHABET[(alphabet_index + offset) % len(CAESAR_ALPHABET)]
+            case_switched = shifted.lower() if c.isupper() else shifted.upper()
+            out += case_switched
+        else:
+            out += c
+    return out
+
+
+def sha256_hash_b64_url(s: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Calculate the SHA256 hash and base64 URL-encodes it.
+    """
+    hasher = hashlib.sha256()
+    hasher.update(s.encode())
+    hashed_bytes = hasher.digest()
+
+    # hashlib generates a byte digest, but since we need to convert it to base64, we
+    # need to do that by hand
+    hash_base64 = codecs.encode(hashed_bytes, "base64").decode("utf-8").rstrip('\n')
+
+    hash_base64_url_encoded = hash_base64.replace("=", "").replace("+", '-').replace("/", '_')
+    return hash_base64_url_encoded
+
+
+def generate_nonce_and_signature(base_path: str, args: dict[str, t.Any]) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    """
+    Generate "X-Request-Nonce" and "X-Request-Signature" which are required for accessing
+    Swisscows images (reverse engineered from their official website).
+    """
+    nonce = generate_nonce()
+    nonce_shifted = caesar_shift_with_switch_case(nonce, 13)
+
+    # in the path, all keys must be sorted in alphabetic order,
+    # otherwise the generated signature won't be accepted!
+    # additionally, the values may not be URL encoded, they have to be plain text
+    # hence we don't use urlencode here
+    args_sorted = sorted(args.items(), key=lambda arg: arg[0])
+    query_string = "&".join(f"{key}={value}" for (key, value) in args_sorted)
+    full_path = f"{base_path}?{query_string}"
+
+    signature = sha256_hash_b64_url(full_path + nonce_shifted)
+    return (nonce, signature)
+
+
+maximum_page_size = {"web": 20, "images": 50, "videos": 10}
+
+
+def init(_):
+    if swisscows_category not in ("web", "images", "videos"):
+        raise ValueError("illegal swisscows category: %s" % swisscows_category)
+
+    if results_per_page > maximum_page_size[swisscows_category]:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "results_per_page for swisscows %s can be at most %d"
+            % (swisscows_category, maximum_page_size[swisscows_category])
+        )
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+    # swisscows images only supports 2 pages
+    if swisscows_category == "images" and params["pageno"] > 2:
+        params["url"] = None
+        return
+
+    locale = appropriate_locale(params["searxng_locale"], swisscows_regions, "en-US")
+    base_path = ""
+    args = dict[str, t.Any]
+    if swisscows_category == "web":
+        freshness = "All"
+        if params["time_range"]:
+            freshness = time_range_map[params["time_range"]]
+        args = {
+            "freshness": freshness,
+            "itemsCount": results_per_page,
+            "locale": locale,
+            "offset": (params["pageno"] - 1) * results_per_page,
+            "query": query,
+            "spellcheck": True,
+        }
+        base_path = "/v5/web/search"
+    elif swisscows_category == "images":
+        args = {
+            "itemsCount": results_per_page,
+            "locale": locale,
+            "offset": (params["pageno"] - 1) * results_per_page,
+            "query": query,
+            "spellcheck": True,
+        }
+        base_path = "/v5/images/search"
+    else:
+        args = {
+            "itemsCount": results_per_page,
+            "offset": (params["pageno"] - 1) * results_per_page,
+            "query": query,
+            "region": locale,
+            "spellcheck": True,
+        }
+        base_path = "/v2/videos/search"
+
+    nonce, signature = generate_nonce_and_signature(base_path, args)
+
+    params["headers"].update(
+        {
+            "X-Request-Nonce": nonce,
+            "X-Request-Signature": signature,
+        }
+    )
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}{base_path}?{urlencode(args)}"
+
+
+def _video_result(result: dict[str, str]) -> LegacyResult:
+    published_date = None
+    if result.get("datePublished"):
+        published_date = datetime.fromisoformat(result["datePublished"])
+
+    view_count = None
+    if result.get("viewCount"):
+        view_count = humanize_number(result["viewCount"])  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+
+    return LegacyResult(
+        {
+            "template": "videos.html",
+            "url": result["url"],
+            "title": html_to_text(result.get("title") or result["name"]),
+            "content": result["description"],
+            "thumbnail": result.get("thumbnailUrl")
+            or result.get("thumbnail", {}).get("url"),  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+            "length": result.get("duration"),
+            "iframe_src": result.get("embedUrl"),
+            "publishedDate": published_date,
+            "views": view_count,
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    json_data = resp.json()
+
+    # the payload encoding is only used for general and images,
+    # for videos the data gets returned directly as a normal JSON response
+    # payload is encoded as a JSON web token -> 3 parts, separated by "."
+    # the actual data is in the center of the encoded string
+    if "payload" in json_data:
+        payload = json_data["payload"].split(".")[1]
+        # pad with '=' to be valid base64
+        payload = payload + '=' * (4 - len(payload) % 4)
+        decoded = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(payload)
+        json_data = json.loads(decoded.decode())
+
+    result: dict[str, t.Any]
+    for result in json_data["items"]:
+        if result["type"] == "WebPage":
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=result["url"],
+                    title=result["name"],
+                    content=html_to_text(result["description"]),
+                    thumbnail=result.get("thumbnail", {}).get("url"),
+                )
+            )
+        elif swisscows_category == "videos" and result["type"] == "VideoCollection":
+            for video in result["hasPart"]:
+                res.add(_video_result(video))
+        elif result["type"] == "ImageObject":
+            res.add(
+                res.types.LegacyResult(
+                    {
+                        "template": "images.html",
+                        "url": result["url"],
+                        "thumbnail_src": result["thumbnail"]["url"],
+                        "img_src": result["contentUrl"],
+                        "title": result["name"],
+                    }
+                )
+            )
+        elif result["type"] == "video":
+            res.add(_video_result(result))
+
+    return res
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+# pylint: disable=invalid-name
+"""Swisscows news"""
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+import typing as t
+
+from searx.utils import html_to_text
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.engines.swisscows import appropriate_locale
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://swisscows.com",
+    "wikidata_id": "Q22937452",
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "JSON",
+}
+
+
+categories = ["news"]
+results_per_page = 20
+
+time_range_support = True
+paging = True
+
+base_url = "https://api.swisscows.com"
+time_range_map = {"day": "Day", "week": "Week", "month": "Month", "year": "Year"}
+
+swisscows_regions: list[str] = ["DE"]
+"""Regions supported by swisscows News."""
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+
+    sxng_locale = params["searxng_locale"].split("-", maxsplit=1)[0]
+    locale: str = appropriate_locale(sxng_locale, swisscows_regions, default="de-DE")
+    if not locale:
+        return
+
+    freshness = "All"
+    if params["time_range"]:
+        freshness = time_range_map[params["time_range"]]
+
+    args = {
+        "query": query,
+        "itemsCount": results_per_page,
+        "region": locale,
+        "language": locale.split("-", maxsplit=1)[0],
+        "offset": (params["pageno"] - 1) * results_per_page,
+        "freshness": freshness,
+        "sortOrder": "Desc",
+        "sortBy": "Created",
+    }
+    url_path = f"/news/search?{urlencode(args)}"
+
+    params["url"] = base_url + url_path
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+
+    result: dict[str, str]
+    for result in resp.json()["items"]:  # pyright: ignore[reportAny]
+        res.add(
+            res.types.MainResult(
+                url=result["uri"],
+                title=html_to_text(result["title"]),
+                content=result["description"],
+                publishedDate=datetime.fromisoformat(result["created"]),
+                thumbnail=result.get("og:image") or "",
+            )
+        )
+
+    return res
@@ -27,8 +27,9 @@ about = {
    'use_official_api': True,
    'require_api_key': False,
    'results': 'JSON',
-    'language': 'de',
 }
+language = "de"
+
 categories = ['general', 'news']
 paging = True

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""Tiger_ is a Swiss meta search engine.
+
+.. _Tiger: https://tiger.ch
+"""
+
+from json import loads
+import random
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+import typing as t
+
+from dateutil import parser
+from lxml import html
+
+from searx.exceptions import SearxEngineAPIException
+from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+from searx.network import get, post
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import extr, eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text
+from searx.enginelib import EngineCache
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://tiger.ch",
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "HTML",
+}
+
+paging = True
+
+base_url = "https://tiger.ch"
+categories = []
+tiger_category = "Websuche"
+"""
+Possible values: "Websuche", "News".
+"""
+
+
+CACHE: EngineCache
+"""Cache to store session codes (result of solved CAPTCHA)."""
+
+
+def init(_):
+    if tiger_category not in ("Websuche", "News"):
+        raise ValueError("invalid search category: %s" % tiger_category)
+
+
+def setup(engine_settings: dict[str, t.Any]) -> bool:
+    global CACHE  # pylint: disable=global-statement
+    CACHE = EngineCache(engine_settings["name"])
+    return True
+
+
+def _obtain_session_code() -> str:
+    """The challenge works like this:
+
+    - We first generate 3 random numbers.
+    - Then we send them to /Human.svc/Make to get the operands (+, -) for the
+      math challenge (i.e. a simple calculation)
+    - Based on the operands, we calculate a result (usually done by the user by
+      hand)
+    - We send the result of the math calculation to the server to obtain a
+      session "code" that has to be sent as cookie parameter for all searches
+
+    E.g., challenges look like ``19-3+5``.
+    """
+    cached_session = CACHE.get("session")
+    if cached_session:
+        return cached_session
+
+    results_page = get(f"{base_url}/_internCode.aspx")
+    doc = html.fromstring(results_page.text)
+
+    extra_data: dict[str, str] = {}
+    for extra_param in ("__VIEWSTATE", "__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR", "__EVENTVALIDATION"):
+        extra_data[extra_param] = doc.xpath(f"//input[@name='{extra_param}']/@value")[0]
+
+    # var z1 = Math.floor((Math.random() * 8) + 11);
+    # var z2 = Math.floor((Math.random() * 8) + 1);
+    # var z3 = Math.floor((Math.random() * 8) + 1);
+    num1 = random.randint(11, 19)
+    num2 = random.randint(1, 9)
+    num3 = random.randint(1, 9)
+
+    challenge = get(f"{base_url}/Services/Human.svc/Make?M1={num1}&M2={num2}&M3={num3}", cookies=results_page.cookies)
+    signs = loads(challenge.json()["d"])[0]
+    sign1 = signs["Z1"]
+    sign2 = signs["Z2"]
+
+    result = num1
+    for num, sign in [(num2, sign1), (num3, sign2)]:
+        if sign == "+":
+            result += num
+        else:
+            result -= num
+
+    logger.debug(f"got challenge: {num1} {sign1} {num2} {sign2} {num3} = {result}")
+    data = {
+        **extra_data,
+        "txtM": str(result),
+        "btnHuman": "OK",
+    }
+
+    challenge_response = post(
+        f"{base_url}/_internCode.aspx",
+        cookies=results_page.cookies,
+        data=data,
+    )
+
+    cookie = challenge_response.cookies["Tiger.ch"]
+    code = extr(cookie, "Code=", "&")
+    if not code:
+        raise SearxEngineAPIException("failed to obtain session code")
+
+    CACHE.set("session", code, expire=60 * 24 * 60)  # cookie is valid for two months
+    return code
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams"):
+    code = _obtain_session_code()
+    args = {"w": query, "page": params["pageno"]}
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/{tiger_category}?{urlencode(args)}"
+    params["cookies"]["Tiger.ch"] = f"Code={code}"
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+    doc = html.fromstring(resp.text)
+
+    if tiger_category == "Websuche":
+        for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[@id='mainContainer']//table/tr"):
+            url = extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'weblink')]/@href"))
+            if not url:
+                continue
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=url,
+                    title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'weblink')]")) or "",
+                    content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//*[contains(@class, 'webbodynopic')]")) or "",
+                )
+            )
+    elif tiger_category == "News":
+        for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[@id='panNews']/div"):
+            publishedDate = None
+            try:
+                date_str = extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//span[contains(@class, 'help')]/span")) or ""
+                date_str = date_str.strip().removeprefix("-").strip()
+                publishedDate = parser.parse(date_str)
+            except parser.ParserError:
+                pass
+
+            thumbnail = extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./img/@src"))
+            if thumbnail:
+                thumbnail = base_url + thumbnail
+
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'webLink')]/@href")),
+                    title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//a[contains(@class, 'webLink')]")) or "",
+                    thumbnail=thumbnail or "",
+                    publishedDate=publishedDate,
+                )
+            )
+
+    return res
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""T-Online_ is a German news portal, which is powered by Ströer, a German
+advertising company, not by Deutsche Telekom (contrary to its name).
+
+It gets its web results from Google, image results from Flickr and videos
+results from YouTube.
+
+.. _T-Online: https://www.t-online.de/
+
+"""
+
+import typing as t
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from lxml import html
+
+from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text, get_embeded_stream_url, ElementType
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.enginelib import EngineAbout
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+about = EngineAbout(
+    website="https://www.t-online.de",
+    wikidata_id="Q590940",
+    results="HTML",
+)
+
+paging = True
+time_range_support = True
+
+base_url = "https://suche.t-online.de"
+tonline_categ = "web"
+"""Supported categories are ``web``, ``videos``, ``news`` and ``images``."""
+
+time_range_map = {"day": "d", "week": "w", "month": "m", "year": "y"}
+
+# result provider has to be specified during pagination, pagination can alternatively
+# use "tonline" to only search for results from t-online news articles
+tonline_channel_map = {"images": "flickr", "videos": "yt"}
+
+language = "de"
+
+
+def init(_):
+    if tonline_categ not in ("web", "images", "videos", "news"):
+        raise ValueError("invalid category: %s" % tonline_categ)
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+    # "mandant", "dia" and "ptl" are not needed, but this might reduce changes of captchas
+    args = {"q": query, "mandant": "toi", "dia": "suche", "ptl": "std"}
+    if params["time_range"]:
+        args["age"] = time_range_map[params["time_range"]]
+
+    if params["pageno"] > 1 and tonline_categ in tonline_channel_map:
+        ch = tonline_channel_map[tonline_categ]
+        args["ch"] = ch
+        args[f"{ch}_page"] = str(params["pageno"])
+    else:
+        args["page"] = str(params["pageno"])
+
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/{tonline_categ}?{urlencode(args)}"
+
+
+def _general_results(doc: ElementType, res: EngineResults):
+    result: ElementType
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[@id='google_re']/div[contains(@class, 'doc')]"):
+        (
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./a/@href") or ""),
+                    title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//span[contains(@class, 'tMMReshl')]") or "") or "",
+                    content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'tMMRest')]") or "") or "",
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+    suggestion: ElementType
+    for suggestion in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[starts-with(@class, 'rsbl')]/a"):
+        res.add(res.types.LegacyResult({"suggestion": extract_text(suggestion)}))
+
+
+def _image_results(doc: ElementType, res: EngineResults):
+    result: ElementType
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[@class='doc']"):
+        (
+            res.add(
+                res.types.Image(
+                    url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./a/@href") or ""),
+                    title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'doc_info')]") or "") or "",
+                    thumbnail_src=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//img/@src") or "") or "",
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def _news_results(doc: ElementType, res: EngineResults):
+    result: ElementType
+    title_parts: list[ElementType]
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[@id='portal_re']/div[contains(@class, 'doc')]"):
+        title_parts = eval_xpath(result, ".//a[starts-with(@class, 'tMMReshl')]")
+        (
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "(./a/@href)[1]") or ""),
+                    title=" - ".join(extract_text(part) or "" for part in title_parts),
+                    content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'tMMRest')]") or "") or "",
+                    thumbnail=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//img[contains(@class, 'desk')]/@src") or "") or "",
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def _video_results(doc: ElementType, res: EngineResults):
+    result: ElementType
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[@class='doc']"):
+        url: str | None = extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./a/@href") or "")
+        if url is None:
+            continue
+        title_parts: list[ElementType] = eval_xpath(result, ".//a[starts-with(@class, 'tMMReshl')]")
+        res.add(
+            res.types.LegacyResult(
+                template="videos.html",
+                url=url,
+                title=" - ".join(extract_text(part) or "" for part in title_parts),
+                thumbnail=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//img/@src") or "") or "",
+                iframe_src=get_embeded_stream_url(url) or "",
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    doc = html.fromstring(resp.text)
+    res = EngineResults()
+    match tonline_categ:
+        case "web":
+            _general_results(doc, res)
+        case "news":
+            _news_results(doc, res)
+        case "images":
+            _image_results(doc, res)
+        case "videos":
+            _video_results(doc, res)
+        case _:
+            raise ValueError("invalid category: %s" % tonline_categ)
+    return res
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+"""Vuhuv_ is a Turkish search engine, that also provides English results.
+
+.. _Vuhuv : https://vuhuv.com
+"""
+
+import typing as t
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from lxml import html
+
+from searx.result_types import EngineResults
+from searx.utils import eval_xpath_list, eval_xpath, extract_text
+
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from lxml.etree import ElementBase
+    from searx.extended_types import SXNG_Response
+    from searx.search.processors import OnlineParams
+
+about = {
+    "website": "https://vuhuv.com",
+    "wikidata_id": None,
+    "official_api_documentation": None,
+    "use_official_api": False,
+    "require_api_key": False,
+    "results": "HTML",
+}
+
+paging = True
+
+base_url = "https://vuhuv.com"
+vuhuv_category = "general"
+"""Supported categories are ``general``, ``videos`` and ``images``."""
+
+
+# corresponds to the "k" query param
+category_map = {"general": 1, "images": 2, "videos": 3}
+
+
+def init(_):
+    if vuhuv_category not in category_map:
+        raise ValueError("invalid category: %s" % vuhuv_category)
+
+
+def request(query: str, params: "OnlineParams") -> None:
+    # the purpose of "d" and "dh" are unknown, but the website
+    # sends them, and without them the results are different
+    args = {"k": category_map[vuhuv_category], "p": params["pageno"], "q": query, "d": 1, "dh": 1}
+    params["url"] = f"{base_url}/veri2/?{urlencode(args)}"
+    params["headers"]["Referer"] = f"{base_url}/"
+
+
+def _general_results(doc: "ElementBase") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'sonuc')]/div"):
+        (
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./a/@href")) or "",
+                    title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./a/span")) or "",
+                    content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./ins")) or "",
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+    return res
+
+
+def _image_results(doc: "ElementBase") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'item gorsel')]"):
+        (
+            res.add(
+                res.types.Image(
+                    url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./a/@href")) or "",
+                    title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./a/@title")) or "",
+                    resolution=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "div[contains(@class, 'olculeri')]")) or "",
+                    thumbnail_src="https:" + str(extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./@data-kgorsel"))),
+                    img_src=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./@data-resimurl")) or "",
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+    return res
+
+
+def _video_results(doc: "ElementBase") -> EngineResults:
+    res = EngineResults()
+    for result in eval_xpath_list(doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'item video')]"):
+        (
+            res.add(
+                res.types.MainResult(
+                    template="videos.html",
+                    url=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./a/@href")) or "",
+                    title=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./a/@title")) or "",
+                    content=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, ".//div[contains(@class, 'abaslik')]")) or "",
+                    thumbnail=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./@data-kgorsel")) or "",
+                    iframe_src=extract_text(eval_xpath(result, "./@data-embedurl")) or "",
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+    return res
+
+
+def response(resp: "SXNG_Response") -> EngineResults:
+    doc = html.fromstring(resp.text)
+    match vuhuv_category:
+        case "general":
+            return _general_results(doc)
+        case "images":
+            return _image_results(doc)
+        case "videos":
+            return _video_results(doc)
+        case _:
+            raise ValueError("invalid vuhuv category: %s" % vuhuv_category)
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More