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# Locales

## SearXNG’s locale data

The variables `RTL_LOCALES` and `LOCALE_NAMES` are loaded from git://searx/data/locales.json / see `locales_initialize` and update_locales.py.

Hint

Whenever the value of `ADDITIONAL_TRANSLATIONS` or `LOCALE_BEST_MATCH` is modified, the git://searx/data/locales.json needs to be rebuild:

    ./manage data.locales

## SearXNG’s locale codes

List of SearXNG’s locale codes used for the search language/region.

Hint

Don’t modify this file, this file is generated by:

    ./manage data.traits

searx.sxng_locales.sxng_locales

  A list of five-digit tuples:

  0. SearXNG’s internal locale tag (a language or region tag)

  1. Name of the language (`babel.core.Locale.get_language_name`)

  2. For region tags the name of the region (`babel.core.Locale.get_territory_name`). Empty string for language tags.

  3. English language name (from `babel.core.Locale.english_name`)

  4. Unicode flag (emoji) that fits to SearXNG’s internal region tag. Languages are represented by a globe (🌐)

      ('en',    'English', '',              'English', '🌐'),
      ('en-CA', 'English', 'Canada',        'English', '🇨🇦'),
      ('en-US', 'English', 'United States', 'English', '🇺🇸'),
      ..
      ('fr',    'Français', '',             'French',  '🌐'),
      ('fr-BE', 'Français', 'Belgique',     'French',  '🇧🇪'),
      ('fr-CA', 'Français', 'Canada',       'French',  '🇨🇦'),

## SearXNG’s locale implementations

searx.locales.LOCALE_NAMES: dict [ str , str ]

  Mapping of locales and their description. Locales e.g. ‘fr’ or ‘pt-BR’ (see `locales_initialize`).

searx.locales.RTL_LOCALES: set [ str ] = {'ar', 'fa-IR', 'he'}

  List of Right-To-Left locales e.g. ‘he’ or ‘fa-IR’ (see `locales_initialize`).

searx.locales.ADDITIONAL_TRANSLATIONS = {'dv': 'ދިވެހި (Dhivehi)', 'oc': 'Occitan', 'pap': 'Papiamento', 'szl': 'Ślōnski (Silesian)'}

  Additional languages SearXNG has translations for but not supported by python-babel (see `locales_initialize`).

searx.locales.LOCALE_BEST_MATCH = {'dv': 'si', 'nl-BE': 'nl', 'oc': 'fr-FR', 'pap': 'pt-BR', 'szl': 'pl', 'zh-HK': 'zh-Hant-TW'}

  Map a locale we do not have a translations for to a locale we have a translation for. By example: use Taiwan version of the translation for Hong Kong.

searx.locales.get_translations()

  Monkey patch of `flask_babel.get_translations`

searx.locales.get_translation_locales() → list [ str ]

  Returns the list of translation locales (underscore). The list is generated from the translation folders in git://searx/translations

searx.locales.locales_initialize()

  Initialize locales environment of the SearXNG session.

  - monkey patch `flask_babel.get_translations` by `get_translations`

  - init global names `LOCALE_NAMES`, `RTL_LOCALES`

searx.locales.region_tag(locale: Locale ) → str

  Returns SearXNG’s region tag from the locale (e.g. zh-TW , en-US).

searx.locales.language_tag(locale: Locale ) → str

  Returns SearXNG’s language tag from the locale and if exits, the tag includes the script name (e.g. en, zh_Hant).

searx.locales.get_locale(locale_tag: str ) → Locale | None

  Returns a `babel.Locale` object parsed from argument `locale_tag`

searx.locales.get_official_locales(territory: str, languages: list [ str ] | None = None, regional: bool = False, de_facto: bool = True) → set [ Locale ]

  Returns a list of `babel.Locale` with languages from `babel.languages.get_official_languages`.

  Parameters:

    - territory – The territory (country or region) code.

    - languages – A list of language codes the languages from `babel.languages.get_official_languages` should be in (intersection). If this argument is `None`, all official languages in this territory are used.

    - regional – If the regional flag is set, then languages which are regionally official are also returned.

    - de_facto – If the de_facto flag is set to False, then languages which are “de facto” official are not returned.

searx.locales.get_engine_locale(searxng_locale: str, engine_locales: dict [ str , str ], default: str | None = None) → str | None

  Return engine’s language (aka locale) string that best fits to argument `searxng_locale`.

  Argument `engine_locales` is a python dict that maps SearXNG locales to corresponding engine locales:

      <engine>: {
          # SearXNG string : engine-string
          'ca-ES'          : 'ca_ES',
          'fr-BE'          : 'fr_BE',
          'fr-CA'          : 'fr_CA',
          'fr-CH'          : 'fr_CH',
          'fr'             : 'fr_FR',
          ...
          'pl-PL'          : 'pl_PL',
          'pt-PT'          : 'pt_PT'
          ..
          'zh'             : 'zh'
          'zh_Hans'        : 'zh'
          'zh_Hant'        : 'zh_TW'
      }

  Hint

  The SearXNG locale string has to be known by babel!

  If there is no direct 1:1 mapping, this functions tries to narrow down engine’s language (locale). If no value can be determined by these approximation attempts the `default` value is returned.

  Assumptions:

  1. When user select a language the results should be optimized according to the selected language.

  2. When user select a language and a territory the results should be optimized with first priority on territory and second on language.

  First approximation rule (by territory):

  > When the user selects a locale with territory (and a language), the territory has priority over the language. If any of the official languages in the territory is supported by the engine (`engine_locales`) it will be used.

  Second approximation rule (by language):

  > If “First approximation rule” brings no result or the user selects only a language without a territory. Check in which territories the language has an official status and if one of these territories is supported by the engine.

searx.locales.match_locale(searxng_locale: str, locale_tag_list: list [ str ], fallback: str | None = None) → str | None

  Return tag from `locale_tag_list` that best fits to `searxng_locale`.

  Parameters:

    - searxng_locale (str) – SearXNG’s internal representation of locale (de, de-DE, fr-BE, zh, zh-CN, zh-TW ..).

    - locale_tag_list (list) – The list of locale tags to select from

    - fallback (str) – fallback locale tag (if unset –> `None`)

  The rules to find a match are implemented in `get_engine_locale`, the `engine_locales` is build up by `build_engine_locales`.

  Hint

  The SearXNG locale string and the members of `locale_tag_list` has to be known by babel! The `ADDITIONAL_TRANSLATIONS` are used in the UI and are not known by babel –> will be ignored.

searx.locales.build_engine_locales(tag_list: list [ str ]) → dict [ str , str ]

  From a list of locale tags a dictionary is build that can be passed by argument `engine_locales` to `get_engine_locale`. This function is mainly used by `match_locale` and is similar to what the `fetch_traits(..)` function of engines do.

  If there are territory codes in the `tag_list` that have a script code additional keys are added to the returned dictionary.

      >>> import locales
      >>> engine_locales = locales.build_engine_locales(['en', 'en-US', 'zh', 'zh-CN', 'zh-TW'])
      >>> engine_locales
      {
          'en': 'en', 'en-US': 'en-US',
          'zh': 'zh', 'zh-CN': 'zh-CN', 'zh_Hans': 'zh-CN',
          'zh-TW': 'zh-TW', 'zh_Hant': 'zh-TW'
      }
      >>> get_engine_locale('zh-Hans', engine_locales)
      'zh-CN'

  This function is a good example to understand the language/region model of SearXNG:

  > SearXNG only distinguishes between search languages and search regions, by adding the script-tags, languages with script-tags can be assigned to the regions that SearXNG supports.